hhh

hhhh

What are valence electrons?

electrons on the outermost energy level

How are elements arranged in today’s modern periodic table?

by atomic #

Identify the three broad classes of elements.

metal, metalloid, nonmetals

properties of metal

conductive, shiny, malleable, ductile

metalloid properties

not shiny, non conductive, semiconductors

non metal properties

brittle, not conductive, mostly gases

What are groups (as related to the periodic table)?

vertical columns 1-18

What does the group number indicate?

number of valence electrons

How many valence electrons are found in an atom of oxygen?

6

How many electrons are found in the highest occupied energy level of Ne?

8

How many valence electrons do all of the atoms in Group 1A contain?

1

What are periods (as related to the periodic table)?

horizontal rows 1-7

1. What does the period number indicate?

the energy level of the valence es

1. How many energy levels does an atom of Br contain?

4

Group A elements are also known as

main group elements/representative

Group B elements are also known as

transition metals

group that alkali metals are found in based on location in the periodic table.

1

group that alkaline earth are found in based on location in the periodic table.

2

group that halogens are found in based on location in the periodic table.

17

group that noble gases are found in based on location in the periodic table.

18

What do we know about the properties of representative elements located in the same group? 

similar chem/phys properties due to the same number of electrons

s

Gr1+2

P

Gr13-18

d

Gr3-12

f

lanthanides+actinides

1. How does the charge impact the force of attraction between the nucleus and the electron?

charge = greater attraction force between nucleus +e’s

How does the radius affect the force of attraction between the nucleus and the electron?

radius = less attraction force between nucleus electrons

Define atomic radius

size of atom

ionization energy

energy required to remove an electron from an atom

electronegativity

tendency of an atom to attract electrons to itself

Most electronegative element:

FLUORINE (4.0)

Least electronegative element:

CESIUM (0.7)

electronegativity trend

PERIODIC TREND: increases as you move

across a period (noble gases excluded!)

why electronegative

-nuclear charge is increasing;

-atomic radius is decreasing

atoms of METALS tend to form

positive ions by losing 1 or more e-

from their valence (outermost) shell