water transpo

water transpo

involves intentional movement by water over large distances

boat

cheapest and oldest means of transpo

ocean

huge body of water between continents that covers more than 70% of Earth’s surface

sea

expanse of salt water that covers most of earth’s surface and surrounds its landmasses

smaller than the ocean

river

natrual freshwater stream that flows on land or inside caves toward another body of water at a lower elevation like an ocean, lake, or another ___natural

lake

large body of water surrounded by land

caspian sea

biggest natural lake in the world

canal

artificial waterways built for drainage management or conveyancing water transport

strait

narrow body of water that connects two larger bodies of water

historically, whoever controls it likely controls the sea and shipping routes of entire region

conditions of a navigable waterway

• deep, wide, and slow enough to allow vessel to pass

• free of obstructions like waterfalls, rapids, trees, and rocks

• gentle enough to allow vessels to make progress

inland water transport

rivers, canals, and lakes

provides a cost-effective, logistically efficient, and environmentally friendly mode of transportation

ocean transport

maritime traffic

indispensable for foreign trade

advantages of water transport

• great fuel efficiency

• cheaper capital cost

• less maintenance cost

• most suitable to transport heavy loads

• less risky due to less traffic and slow speed

• less pollution

• helps develop tourism potential of a place/site

disadvantages of water transport

• few navigable inland water transport

• low speed

• less flexible unlike roads

• seasonality

• uncertainty of usage due to changes over time

coastal shipping

movement of cargo and passengers mainly by sea along a coast

carrying goods from one port to another country

overseas shipping

carries a lot of world’s trade, majority of bulky goods, materials, and passengers through ocean waterways from one country to another at cheapest cost

liners

regular fixed routes, times, and charges

sail on scheduled dates and times, whether full or not

tramps

do not have fixed route

have no set rules or rate schedule

tankers

especiallly desgined to carry oil, petrol, and other liquids

general cargo

carries goods or cargo from a particular port going to another

bulk carries

ship constructed with single deck, top-side tanks, hopper-side tanks, and cargo spaces intended to carry dry cargo in bulk

container ship

designed to hold huge quantities of cargo compacted in diff types of container

feeder ship

used for small routes and trade in coastal areas only

mother ships

bigger than feeder ships, involved in international trading

tankers

specialized ships for carrying large amounts of liquid cargo

oil tankers

carry crude oil and its by products

liquified gas carriers

designed to transport LPG, LNG, or liquified chemical gases in bulk

chemical and product carriers

tanker ships designed to transport chemical and different liquid products in bulk

roll on roll off ships / roro

vessels that used to carry wheeled cargoes

ConRo

combination of a traditional container ship and a roro

GenRo

roro w a cargo carrying vessel that is smaller in size

RoPax

ferry that transports vehicles tgt w passengers

fishing vessel

ships used for commercial or recreational fishing

trawlers

known as draggers

factory ships

also known as fish processing vessels equipped w facilities to process and freeze fish products

offshore vessel

used in oil exploration and construction works at sea

ferries

used to transport passengers on short routes or distances

cruise ships

floating hotel w state of the art facilities used for vacation and recreation

tugboats

ships that help maneuver vessels

tenders

used generally by ships to transport ppl and/or supplies from vessel to quayside

pilot craft

transportation used by harbor points

research vessels

carry out variety of research at sea