Veterinary Pharmacology

Nonproprietary name

Generic name

Proprietary name

Trade or Brand name

Generic equivalent

Copycat drug produced by different manufacturer after original patent expires

Solids

Tablets, capsules, etc

Suppositories

Inserted into rectum and dissolved

Solutions

Drug dissolved in liquid

Suspensions

Drug suspended but not dissolved in liquid

Syrups

Solutions of drugs with water and sugar

Elixirs

Solutions of drugs dissolved in sweetened alcohol

Tinctures

Topical alcohol solutions

Liniments

Topical drug in an oil base

Ointments/ creams

Semisolid topical dosage forms

Pastes

Semisolid oral dosage forms

Injectable drugs

Administered by needle and syringe

Repository injectable drugs

Formulated for prolonged absorbtion

Implants

Solid dosage forms, injected/ inserted under skin

Common needle sizes

25, 22, 20, 18, 16 gauge needles

Tuberculin syringes

1 ml dose

Insulin needles

.25 gauge needle

Name parts of needles (3)

Hub, shaft, bevel

Gauges

16-25 g

*Know Types of Syringes*

Luer lock, slip tip, eccentric tip, catheter tip

SID

Once a day

BID

Twice a day

TID

Three times a day

QID

Four times a day

QOD/EOD

Every other day

PRN

Refill as needed

Ex. : Q. 12h

Every 12 hours

Containers for dispensing medications

plastic containers with childproof lids, individual syringes, bottles

*Know How to Calculate Drug Doses*

Use animals weight and usual drug dose

CI

extremely high abuse

Give an example of a CIII drug

Ketamine, Butorphanol

CV

Low potential for abuse

CII

High abuse drug

Give an example of a CIV drug

Tramadol, Diazepam

Therapeutic range

Concentration of drug in body where detrimental effects are minimalized and benefits are maximized

PO

Mouth

SQ/SC

Subcutaneous

Dose

Amount of drug administered at one time

Dose interval

Time between seperate drug doses

Parenteral administration

Injection

Intravenous (IV)

Directly into a vein

Intramuscular (IM)

Directly into muscle mass

Subcutaneous (SC/SQ)

Administration beneath (deep) to the skin

Per os (PO) administration

Oral

Absorbtion rates from fastest to slowest (Parenteral routes)

IV, IM, SQ, ID

Emetics

Induce vomiting usually after poisoning if appropriate

Antiemetics

Prevent vomiting

Antidiarrheals

Prevent diarhhea

Adsorbents and protectants

Protect from bacterial endotoxins

Laxatives

Most gentle of drugs that stimulate elimination

Lubricants

Make feces more slippery

Stool softeners

Allows water to penetrate dry feces

Antacids

Reduce acidity of stomach or rumen

Antiulcer drugs

Treat ulcers of stomach and upper small intestine

Appetite stimulant drugs

Stimulate appetite

Antiarrythmic drugs

Prevent abnormal electrical activity pattern in heart

Vasodilators

Cause arteriolar smooth muscle to relax

Diuretics

Increase urine formation and promote water loss

Antitussives

Block cough reflex, anticough

Expectorants

Increase mucus by generating respitory tract liquid secretions

Decongestants

Reduce vascular engorgement of mucous membranes

Bronchodilators

Relax smooth muscles surrounding terminal bronchioles

Pancreatic drugs

Insulin

Hypoadrenocorticism drugs

Treatment of addison disease

Hyperadrenocorticism drugs

Treatment of cushings disease

Anesthetics

Anesthesia

Tranquilizers

No analgesic properties

Sedatives

More potent than tranquilizers

Analgesic

Pain relief

Analgesics

Reduce perception of pain only

Anticonvulsants

Drugs used to control siezures

Muscle relaxant

Relaxes muscles

Bactericidal

Kills bacteria

Bacteriostatic

Inhibits bacterial replication

Virucidal

Kills viruses

Protozoistatic

Inhibits protozoal replication

Fungicidal

Kills fungi

Penicillins

Bactericidal

Cephalosporins

Effective against grampositive bacteria

Bacitracins

Topical cream or oinment

Aminoglycosides

(Heavier) bactericidal, effective against aerobic bacteria

Flouroguinolones

Bactericidal, broad spectrum except anaerobes

Tetracyclines

Bacteriostatic, effective against gram positive microorganisms

Sulfonamides

Potentiated sulfonamides

Metronidazole

Bactericidal, effective against protozoal intestinal infections

Anthelmintic

Kills various types of internal parasites

Antinematodal

Treats infections with nematodes (roundworms)

Anticestodal

Treats infections with tapeworms

Antitrematodal

Treats infections with flukes

Antiprotozoal

Treats infections with protozoa

Milbemycin oxime

Microfilaricide for heartworm treatment

Insect growth regulators

Prevent immature stages from maturing into adults

NSAIDs

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

Antiseptics

Destroy pathogenic microorganisms or their toxins (skin)

Disinfectants

Destroy pathogenic microorganisms or thier toxins (objects)

Sanitizer

Reduces number of microorganisms

Sterilizer

Completely destroys all microorganisms

Phenols

Disinfectant against gram-positive bacteria