BIOL112 Exam 3

Paraphyletic group. Feeding groove, flagella

Excavata

Stramenopile, Alveolata, Rhizaria. Diverse group with hairs, alveoli, or thin pseudopods

SAR

(kelp, brown algae, diatom, oomycetes) Hairy flagella; diatoms, brown algae → “Straw on a broom”.

Stramenopile

Alveoli support membrane; dinoflagellates, apicomplexans, ciliates

Alveolata

Two flagella, mixotrophic, red tides

Dinoflagellates

Complex structure at tip, invade host. Apex invader

Apicomplexans

Cilia for movement (ei paramecium)

Ciliates

Thin, radiating pseudopodia. radiolarians, foraminifera, cercozoa

Rhizaria

Silica skeleton (Radiant glass balls)

Radiolarians

Calcium carbonate shells

foraminifera

Amoeboid with filopodia

cercozoa

Two nuclei, no mitochondria

Diplomonads.

Basal body movement

Parabasalids

Eyespot, flagella, mixotrophic

Euglenozoa

eyespot or stigma

Euglenids

Movement. Single mitochondrion, parasitic

Kinetoplastids

rhodophyta [red algae], green algae. Photosynthetic, primary chloroplasts. Ancient Plants

Archaeplastida

Lobe-shaped pseudopodia

Amoebozoa

Posterior flagellum.

Opisthokonta

Solitary, pseudopodia for movement/feeding

Amoebas

Slime mold

Liverworts, Mosses, Hornworts

Bryophyte

Flattened thallus or leafy, gemma cups for asexual reproduction → “Liver cups”

Liverworts

Leafy gametophytes, archegonia/antheridia

Mosses

Sporophyte grows from basal region “Horns = upright spore stalks”

Hornworts

tube plants (vascular plants, xylem[water,minerals]/phloem[food]):

Tracheophyte

Microphyll leaves, no seeds

Lycophytes

(ferns, whisk ferns, horsetails) – Megaphyll leaves, no seeds

Pterophytes

Fronds with sori, large sporophyte

Ferns

Simple, branching stems, no true leaves

Whisk ferns

Jointed stems, silica, homosporous

Horsetails

Early vascular plant, no true leaves

Cooksonia

Naked seeds, no flowers/fruits → “Gym = naked seeds”

Gymnosperms

(Conifers) – Needle leaves, cones, cold/dry habitats

Coniferophyta

(Cycads) – Palm-like leaves, flagellated sperm → “Cycads = ancient palms”

Cycadophyta

Diverse forms, some angiosperm-like features → “Gnet = weird gymnos”

Gnetophyta

Fan-shaped leaves, motile sperm, only one living species

Ginkogophyta

(Anthophyta) – Seeds in fruits, flowers present

Angiosperms

tomato. Entire ovary fleshy

True berries

Pea. Pod splits along seams

Legumes

Peach. Fleshy with hard pit

Drupe

Winged for wind dispersal

Samaras

Multiple ovaries fused from one flower

Aggregate fruits

Fruits fused from many flowers

Multiple fruits

Club fungi, basidia produce basidiospores

Basidiomycota

Sac fungi, asci produce ascospores

Ascomycota

Bread molds

Zygomycota

Arbuscular mycorrhizae. Symbiotic with plant roots for nutrient exchange

Glomeromycota

Zoospore-producing, aquatic

Chytridiomycota

Alternation of generations

Blastocladiomycota