Biology: Module 14 - Circulation & Respiration

Capillaries

Circulatory systems that bathe the cells in blood.

Nutrients

What is dropped off at the cells in the body tissue.

Hemoglobin

The protein in blood that binds to oxygen.

Trachea

A cartilaginous tube that connects the larynx to the bronchi in the lungs.

Smoking

A habit that can severely damage your lungs and severely shorten your life.

Respiration

Gas exchange in which oxygen is brought in and carbon dioxide is released.

Platelets

Blood cells that help with clotting.

Valves

Veins have valves to prevent the backflow of blood.

Circulatory

Circulatory system provides oxygen, nutrients, and eliminates wastes for larger organisms.

Plaques

Build-ups in the walls of the arteries that cause atherosclerosis.

Murmur

A defect in a heart valve.

Gravity

The biggest problem for the circulatory system of a giraffe.

Systolic

The upper pressure in a blood pressure reading.

Warm

In cold environments, nostrils also help warm the air before it enters the lungs.

Increased

Capillaries have increased surface area compared to arteries.

Arteries

Vessels that move blood away from the heart.

Stroke

Damage to brain tissue due to blocked or ruptured arteries.

Two

Gas exchange occurs in two phases.

Larynx

The vocal cords are contained in the larynx.

Gills

Gas exchange system used by some aquatic organisms such as fish.

Dead air

The air left in the lungs after exhalation is called dead air.

Diastolic

Portion of the heart cycle where the heart is relaxed.

White

White blood cells help fight infection.

Closed

Circulatory system where blood travels in vessels.

Iron

The element in hemoglobin that oxygen binds to.

Copper

The blood of arthropods has copper instead of iron.

Double

Four-chambered hearts use a double circulatory system in which 2 circuits flow.

Leukemia

Cancer of the blood.

Alveoli

The most important organs of the respiratory system that remove oxygen from air.

Veins

Vessels that move blood to the heart.

Left atrium

The chamber in which blood is received from the lungs.

Countercurrent

In the gills, a countercurrent exchange system passes blood in one direction next to water flowing in the opposite direction.

Coronary

The arteries that feed the heart muscle itself.

Gravity

Blood is helped to move back up the legs by gravity.

Sanode

The natural built-in pacemaker for the heart.

Blood pressure

The force blood exerts on the vessel walls.

Cardiac output

Amount of blood pumped by the heart per minute.

Air

Which of the following contains more oxygen:air or water?

Left ventricle

The ventricle in the human heart that pumps blood to the entire body.

Hypertension

High blood pressure is also known as hypertension.

Inhalation

The diaphragm moves down during this process, and air comes into the lungs.

Ventricle

A heart chamber that pumps blood out.

Oxygen

The brain automatically responds to the level of oxygen in the blood.

Heart attack

Damage to the heart muscle.

Capillaries

Small vessels in which only one red blood cell can move at a time.

Red

Red blood cells carry carbon dioxide and wastes away from the cells.

Exhalation

The diaphragm moves up during this process, and air leaves the lungs.

Open

Very small simple organisms with one or two tissue layers use open circulation instead of circulation.

Right atrium

A heart chamber that receives blood from the rest of the body.

Lowest

Blood pressure is highest or lowest in the veins?

Mucus

Hair and mucus in the nostrils provide protection for the respiratory system.