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French and Indian War
War between Britain and France in North America; Britain won and gained Canada.
Albany Congress
1754 colonial meeting for defense; Franklin’s plan for unity rejected.
Battle of Québec
1759 British victory over France; turning point in French and Indian War.
Pontiac’s War
1763 Native uprising against British forts after French defeat.
Proclamation of 1763
Banned colonial settlement west of Appalachians.
Republicanism
Idea of government based on citizens’ virtue and opposition to corruption.
Radical Whigs
British writers warning against tyranny; influenced colonists.
Mercantilism
Economic system where colonies exist to benefit the mother country.
Sugar Act
1764 tax on sugar and molasses; first revenue-raising act.
Quartering Act
Required colonists to house and supply British soldiers.
Stamp Act
1765 tax on printed goods; angered colonists.
Admiralty Courts
British courts without juries for smuggling cases.
Stamp Act Congress
1765 colonial meeting protesting the Stamp Act.
Nonimportation Agreements
Colonial boycotts of British goods.
Sons of Liberty
Radical protest group resisting British taxes.
Daughters of Liberty
Women supporting boycotts by making homemade goods.
Declaratory Act
1766 law asserting Britain’s right to tax colonies after repealing Stamp Act.
Townshend Acts
1767 taxes on imports like glass, lead, paint, paper, tea.
Boston Massacre
1770 clash; British soldiers killed 5 colonists.
Committees of Correspondence
Colonial groups spreading resistance and unity.
Boston Tea Party
1773 protest where colonists dumped tea into harbor.
Intolerable Acts
1774 British punishments for Boston Tea Party; closed harbor, limited self-rule.
Québec Act
1774 extended Quebec territory, allowed Catholicism; angered colonists.
First Continental Congress
1774 meeting of colonies to plan resistance.
The Association
Continental Congress agreement to boycott British goods.
Battles of Lexington & Concord
1775 first battles of the American Revolution.
Valley Forge
1777–78 harsh winter camp; army trained by von Steuben.
William Pitt
British leader who helped win French and Indian War.
Pontiac
Native leader of 1763 rebellion.
George Grenville
Prime minister behind Sugar and Stamp Acts.
Charles Townshend
Proposed the Townshend Acts.
Crispus Attucks
First killed in Boston Massacre.
George III
King of Britain during the Revolution.
Lord North
Prime minister during Revolution; repealed Townshend Acts but kept tea tax.
Samuel Adams
Revolutionary leader; founded Sons of Liberty, Committees of Correspondence.
Marquis de Lafayette
French nobleman aiding American Revolution.
Baron von Steuben
Prussian officer who trained troops at Valley Forge.