Marine Bio Semester 2 Final

General

• Ovoviparous means eggs are inside without an umbilical cord

• Oviparous means eggs are laid

• Viviparous means eggs are inside with an umbilical cord

• Anadromous means going upstream to lay eggs

Forage Fish

• Herring have giant scales

• Herrings lay 20,000 eggs per female

• Herrings lay their eggs on eel grass

• Anchovies have large eyes and mouths

• Anchovy eggs have a drop of oil in them to keep them afloat

• Anchovy eggs hatch in 36 hours

• Sand lance have a dorsal fin the length of their back

• Sand lance eggs are laid out of water

• Sand lances are vertical migrators.

• Sand lances’ nickname is “candle fish” because they bury themselves at night

• Sand smelt have an adipose (fat) fin

• Sand smelts are anadromous

Bottom Fish

• Rock cods have poisonous spikes along their back

• Rock cods lay 3-5 babies at a time

• Rock cods are ovoviparous

• Pacific cods have a barb on their chin

• Pacific cods have 5 million babies at a time

• Pollak is imitation crab

• Ling cods have a dorsal fin the length of their back

• Ling cods are oviparous

• Ling cods have their babies in the winter

• Male ling cods protect the eggs/babies

• Halibut are a flat fish

• Halibut are oviparous

• Halibut fish turn flat when they are 1 inch long

Tuna

• Yellowfin tuna are serial spawners

• Yellowfin tuna are oviparous

• Yellowfin tuna are 2-6 feet long

• Yellowfin tuna weigh from 40 to 420 pounds

• Yellowfin tuna hunt with dolphins

• Bluefin tuna are the largest type of tuna

• Bluefin tuna are 6 to 12 feet long

• Bluefin tuna weigh 500 to 1,400 pounds

• Bluefin tuna are solitary

• Bluefin tuna are the best tasting because of their fat and oil

• Albacore tuna are 18 to 30 inches

• Albacore tuna weigh 5 to 30 pounds

• Albacore tuna are found off the coast of Washington

• The US Navy based its first submarine on the body shape of the albacore tuna

Billfish

• Marlins have a rounded bill

• Marlins are < 16 feet

• Marlins weigh 500 to 1,900 pounds

• Marlins can swim up to 50 mph

• Marlins have a high body temperature, meaning that they have better eyesight

• Sailfish change color when they are excited

• Sailfish are the fastest billfish

• Sailfish are 4 to 6 feet

• Sailfish are < 100 pounds

• Sailfish have a large dorsal fin

• Swordfish are < 11 feet

• Swordfish weigh < 1,000 pounds

• Swordfish have a flat bill

Salmon

• Chinook salmon are nicknamed the “king” salmon

• Chinook salmon are the largest salmon

• Coho salmon are nicknamed “silver” because they have no black dots on their back.

• Pink salmon are nicknamed “humpy” because they have a large hump on their back.

• Chum salmon are nicknamed “dog” because they have large k9 teeth

•  Sockeye salmon are nicknamed “red” because they turn red when they go upriver

• Salmon lay their eggs in gravel beds

Pennipeds

• Harbor seals are 5 to 6 feet

• Harbor seals are 300 to 350 pounds

• Harbor seals are not social

• Harbor seals put their babies on land while they hunt

• Sea lions are social

• Sea lions are 6 to 8 feet

• Sea lions are 600 pounds

• Sea lions eat fish

• Hawaiian monk seal babies have black fur

• Leopard seals are 9 feet long

• Leopard seals are 9,000 pounds

• Leopard seals are the #1 predator of the South Pole

• Elephant seals are 18 feet

• Elephant seals weigh 2,000 to 3,000 pounds

• Male elephant seals have a large nose

• Elephant seals are the inspiration for Jabba the Hut

• Walrus’ tusks are ice picks

Cetaceans

• Beluga whales have teeth

• Beluga whales have a bobble neck

• Beluga whales are 15 feet long

• Beluga whales weigh 2,000 pounds

• Beluga whales come up for air every 20 minutes

• Narwhals are 12 to 15 feet long

• Narwhals weigh 1,500 pounds

• Only male narwhals have a tusk

• Narwhals are the “unicorn of the sea.”

• Narwhals have teeth

• Resident orca whales eat salmon

• Res orcas have large pods

• Res orca pods are controlled by the matriarch

• Res orca pods are large

• Transient orca pods eat mammals

• Transient orca pods are small

• Blue whales are 100 feet long

• Blue whales are 150 to 200 tons

• Blue whales are the biggest animals on Earth

• Blue whales are the fastest whales

• Blue whales have baleen

• Grey whales migrate from Alaska → Mexico

• Grey whale milk is 53% fat

• Grey whales have no dorsal fins

• Grey whales have baleen

• Humpback whales are 50 feet long

• Humpback whales are 30 to 40 tons

• Humpback whales are countershaded

• Male humpback whales sing to attract a mate

• Sperm whales have a blunt, flat face

• Sperm whales hunt by using echolocation

• Sperm whales are 55 feet long

• Sperm whales weigh 60 tons

Penguins

• Emperor penguins are 4 feet tall

• Emperor penguins are 100 lb

• Emperor penguins are the largest penguins

• Emperor penguins are the only penguins to lay their eggs on ice

• King penguins are brown to blend in with the rocks

• Macaroni penguins have yellow feathers above their eyes that look like macarons

• Macaroni penguins are the most numerous type of penguin

• Rockhopper penguins have spiky haircuts

• Rockhopper penguins are the only type of penguin that cannot drink saltwater

• Rockhopper penguins live near South America

• Galapagos penguins live in the Galapagos

• The J-Pod lives around the San Juan Islands

Turtles

• Green turtles are 3 ft

• Green turtles are 300 to 500 lb

• Green turtles eat seaweed

• Green turtles are the largest hard-shelled turtle

• Green turtles live near Hawaii

• Loggerhead turtles are 32 inches long

• Loggerhead turtles weigh 200 pounds

• Loggerhead turtles eat sponges

• Crush from Nemo is a loggerhead turtle

• Hawksbill turtles are 30 inches long

• Hawksbill turtles weigh 150 lb

• Hawksbill turtles have a bill like a hawk

• Leatherback turtles eat jellyfish

• Leatherback turtles are dying from eating plastic

• Leatherback turtles are 8 ft

• Leatherback turtles are a type of soft-shelled turtle

• Leatherback turtles weigh 2,000 lb

• Ridley’s turtles are as high as it is round

• Ridley’s turtles are a ½ circle

• Ridley’s turtles are 20 inches long

• Ridley’s turtles weigh 60 lb

• Ridley’s turtles eat shrimp

• Flatback turtles are 28 inches long

• Flatback turtles weigh 100 lb

• Flatback turtles eat sea cucumbers

• Flatback turtles are dying from being caught by fishing boats

Sharks

• Sharks are cartilaginous

• Sharks’ teeth aren’t bones

• Sharks don’t sink because of cartilage

• Sharks’ teeth are constantly replaced

• Types of sharks found in Washington include the spiny dogfish and the ix-gilled shark.s

• The spine of the spiny dogfish sharks 

• Spiny dogfish sharks don’t have babies until they are 25

• Six-gilled sharks have six gills

• Six-gilled sharks weigh 1,500 lb

• Six-gilled sharks are < 15 feet long