GEC 001 Midterm

What is Individualism in Western thought?

The autonomy of a person.

How is Collectivism characterized in Eastern thought?

Shaped by the people and culture.

What is Dharma in Hinduism?

Virtue, duty, righteousness, moral law.

What are the Four Ends of Man (Purusarthas) in Hinduism?

Dharma, Artha, Kama, Moksha.

What does Moksha represent in Hinduism?

Liberation from the cycle of birth and rebirth.

What is Samsara in Hinduism?

The cycle of birth, death, and reincarnation.

Who founded Buddhism?

Siddhartha Gautama Buddha.

What is the Middle Way in Buddhism?

Enlightenment found between extremes of indulgence and self-mortification.

What are the Four Noble Truths in Buddhism?

Dukkha, Samudaya, Nirodha, Magga.

What does Dukkha mean?

Life involves suffering.

What is the cause of suffering according to Buddhism?

Attachment and desire.

Who founded Confucianism?

K’ung-fu-Tze (Confucius).

What does Zhong mean in Confucianism?

Loyalty and respect in relationships.

What is the golden rule of human interactions according to Confucianism?

Shu (Reciprocity).

What does Tao in Taoism mean?

The way of life.

What does Ch’i refer to in Taoism?

Energy flow or life force.

What are Yin and Yang?

Concepts representing balance and harmony in the universe.

What defines the physical self?

The tangible aspects of a person that can be observed and examined.

What is heredity?

The transmission of traits from parents to offspring.

What is the phenotype?

The physical expression of a particular trait.

What are Endomorphic, Exomorphic, and Mesomorphic body types?

Types representing fat distribution, muscle mass, and physique strength.

What does the term 'Mass Media' refer to in the context of beauty?

Influence of media on perceptions of beauty ideals.

What is the SOGIE spectrum?

Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity, and Gender Expression.

What is the Sexual Response Cycle?

Stages of physical and emotional changes during sexual activity.

What is the first phase of the Sexual Response Cycle?

Excitement.

What is the Responsibility Parenthood and Reproductive Health Act of 2012?

A Philippine law ensuring access to reproductive health services.

What does 'HIV' stand for?

Human Immunodeficiency Virus.

How is HIV transmitted?

Through blood, semen, unprotected sexual intercourse, and unsterilized syringes.

What is AIDS?

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, the advanced stage of HIV.

What are artificial family planning methods?

Hormonal contraception methods like oral contraceptives and IUDs.

What did William James say about the material self?

It includes the physical body, possessions, reputation, and beliefs.

According to Barbara Kruger, what does consumer culture suggest?

People are defined by their possessions.

What does ‘Consumerism’ mean?

Societal habit of buying to meet needs and desires.

What is Spirituality?

The search for sacredness and meaning in life.

How does Emile Durkheim define religion?

A unified system of beliefs and practices regarding sacred things.

What is the goal of spiritual self?

To connect the mind, body, and spirit.

What is meant by the term 'impulsive buying'?

Purchasing based on the feeling of deserving it.

What does 'conscious consumption' entail?

Practicing responsible and mindful purchasing habits.

What does the term 'beauty' refer to?

The degree to which physical traits are considered pleasing.

What influences physical self-esteem?

Social networks, societal expectations, and cultural practices.

What is the role of family in shaping the physical self?

Family forms a crucial foundation of individual development.

What is the relationship between materialism and identity?

Material possessions can signify identity and lifestyle.

What are the implications of overemphasis on materialism?

It can detract from meaningful relationships and life satisfaction.

What is the impact of consumer culture on well-being?

It may lead to unhappiness and psychological issues.

What does the term 'colorism' refer to?

Discrimination based on skin complexion.

Define euphemism.

A word or phrase that softens an uncomfortable topic.

What is meant by 'responsible parenthood'?

Making informed choices about family planning and child-rearing.

What defines the duality of life in Taoism?

The relationship and balance between life and death.

What is the purpose of life according to Taoism?

To achieve immortality and alignment with the Tao.

What are examples of physical characteristics shaped by environmental conditioning?

Skin tone, hair type, and body type.

What does 'Cosmetic Surgery' refer to?

Procedures to enhance a person’s appearance.

What is the definition of 'Consumerism'?

The societal habit of buying goods and services.

What does 'non-physical beauty' refer to?

Beauty that cannot be measured but can be felt.

What is the significance of beauty in media?

It shapes societal standards and personal self-image.

What does HIV do to the body?

Attacks the immune system.