FOM COMP I From Questions

What initiates the first ~15° of abduction

(supraspinatus)

What initiates abduction after the first 15°?

Deltoid

What supplies the deltoid muscle (responsible for abduction) and provides sensory innervation to the lateral shoulder, including the "regimental badge area"

Axillary Nerve

What dermatome is at T10?

Belly button

The sensory cell bodies are at the

dorsal root ganglion

Midshaft humeral fractures commonly injure the

Radial Nerve

Trapezius dysfunction (spinal accessory nerve) causes

medial winging of the scapula. Shoulder drooping

The dorsal interossei muscles —> Function and Innervated by

Abduct; innervated by ulnar nerve.

What supplies elbow flexors (biceps) and lateral forearm sensation via lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve;

Musculocutaneous nerve

Carpal tunnel syndrome is caused by pressure on the

median nerve

Associate median nerve with what fingers?

Lateral 3.5 digits and thenar muscles

Sickle cell disease — Why????

Single amino acid substitution (glutamate → valine) in β-globin; classic point mutation leading to abnormal hemoglobin polymerization.

The single amino acid substitution (glutamate → valine) can lead to

Sickle Cell Anemia

What is most commonly injured in rotator cuff pathology?

Supraspinatus

Positive Drop Arm Test:

A positive drop arm test is strongly suggestive of a rotator cuff tear, supraspinatus damage

Trapezius paralysis leads to

Shoulder droop

Ulnar nerve damage can be associated with

sensory loss over medial one-and-a-half digits.

Midshaft humeral fracture

Radial Neve!!!

Positive arm drop test suggests

Supraspinatus damage

What runs through the quadrilateral space?

The axillary nerve and the posterior circumflex humeral artery (PCHA) pass posteriorly

What supplies lateral forearm sensation.

musculocutaneous

Which ossification process forms most long bones (e.g., femur)?

Endochondral Ossification

Endochondral Ossification

The bones formed replace a hyaline cartilage template

Lateral cord gives

musculocutaneous and contributes lateral root to median.

In sickle cell anemia, which of the following amino acid substitutions occurs?

Glutamate —> Valine

Radial Nerve Innervates

Triceps Brachii Muscle

Latissimus Dorsi Muscle is innervated by the

thoracodorsal nerve

Lower subscapular nerve innervates the

Teres Major and subscapularis

Axillary nerve innervates the

Deltoid and Teres minor

The axillary nerve is derived from what nerve roots?

C5, C6

Teres Minor Function

A rotator cuff muscle that adducts and externally rotates the arm.

What does the deltoid muscle do?

abducts the arm at the shoulder at anges > 15 degrees.

What does the teres major muscle do?

Adduct, Internal rotation, and extension of the arm

Teres Major and subscapularis are innervated by the

lower subscapular nerve

Long Thoracic Nerve innervates

Serratus anterior muscle

Serratus anterior muscle is innervated by

Long thoracic nerve

The axillary nerve innervates the

teres minor and deltoid muscles.

Wrist drop occurs when what nerve is injured?

radial nerve

teres minor and deltoid muscles are innervated by

axillary nerve

An injury to the long thoracic nerve can lead to what…

Winged Scapula

½ loaf stands for what

Median nerve innervates the Lateral two (1&2) lumbricals, Opponens pollicis, Abductor pollicis brevis, and Flexor pollicis brevis (superficial head).

Ape hand

Loss of motor innervation to the thenar muscles (think median nerve)

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Information

a condition that causes numbness, tingling, weakness, or pain in the wrist and hand due to compression of the median nerve in the carpal tunnel

Wrist Drop —> Nerve

Radial Nerve

FCU & FDP are innervated by

ulnar nerve

The flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU) muscle

serves as the major adductor of the wrist.

The flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) muscle plays a role

in flexion of the 4th and 5th digits.

What supplies sensory innervation to the lower shoulder and lateral arm

axillary nerve

The musculocutaneous nerve primarily provides motor innervation to the

anterior (front) compartment of the arm and sensation to the lateral forearm

A scaphoid fracture can be linked to what nerve?

Median Nerve

The musculocutaneous nerve innervates the

biceps brachii, brachialis, and coracobrachialis muscles

The musculocutaneous nerve is primarily responsible for

flexing the elbow and contributes to shoulder flexion.

What innervates all three heads of the triceps?

Radial Nerve

What innervates the muscles of the anterior compartment of the arm?

Musculocutaneous nerve (only motor innervation)

What is the brachial plexus comprised of?

Ventral rami of spinal nerve C5-T1

Upper subscapular nerve innervates the

subscapularis

What is the Mnemonic SALT?

Serratus Interior is innervates by the Long Thoracic Nerve

The thoracodorsal nerve innervates the

latissimus dorsi muscle

The latissimus dorsi muscle is innervated by the

thoracodorsal nerve

The inability to extend the wrist can be linked to

Radial nerve injury (Wrist Drop)

The suprascapular nerve innervates the

Supraspinatus and Infraspinatus muscles

The Supraspinatus and Infraspinatus muscles are innervated by the

Suprascapular Nerve

The quadrangular space transmits

the axillary nerve and the posterior circumflex humeral artery

The primary nerve associated with the rotator cuff is the

suprascapular nerve

what is the rotator cuff comprised of?

the supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis

The musculocutaneous nerve innervates what compartment of the body?

anterior compartment of the arm, specifically the muscles involved in elbow flexion

The rhomboid muscles (major and minor) are innervated by the

dorsal scapular nerve

The dorsal scapular nerve innervates the

levator scapulae, rhomboid major, and rhomboid minor

The levator scapulae, rhomboid major, and rhomboid minor are innervated by the

dorsal scapular nerve

The median nerve passes through which structure at the wrist?

Carpal tunnel

The supraspinatus muscle is responsible for

shoulder abduction

The infraspinatus is responsible for

externally rotating the shoulders

The palmar interossei muscles are innervated by what?

Ulnar nerve

The palmar interossei muscles function to

adduct

The dorsal interossei muscles are innervated by the

ulnar nerve

The teres minor muscle is innervated by the

axillary nerve

The teres major muscle is innervated by the

lower subscapular nerve

The subscapularis muscle is innervated by the

Lower and upper subscapular nerve

What innervates the levator scapulae muscles?

Dorsal Scapular Nerve

What do the rhomboid minor and major both do?

Elevates, Retracts, and assists in downward rotation of scapula.

What does the teres major do?

Adducts, internally rotates, and extends arm.

What is responsible for externally rotating the shoulders

Infraspinatus

What does the Nerve 2 Subclavius innervate?

Subclavius muscle

What innervates the subclavius muscle?

Nerve to subclavius

The subscapularis muscle primarily functions in

internal rotation of the arm and adduction of the humerus

PS. subscapularis muscle is key in rotator cuff

Which muscle inserts on the lesser tubercle of the humerus?

Subscapularis

Where does the subscapularis muscle insert?

Lesser tubercle of the humerus.

What muscle functions in shoulder abduction?

Supraspinatus muscle

The subscapularis muscle, a key component of the rotator cuff, primarily functions in

internal rotation of the arm and adduction of the humerus

What are the different roles of the muscles in the rotator cuff?

Infraspinatus: External rotator of shoulder

Supraspinatus: Shoulder Abduction

Subscapularis Muscle: Internal rotation of the arm

Which artery is most at risk in a midshaft humerus fracture?

Deep brachial artery

The “drop arm” test is used to assess

Supraspinatus damage

Surgical neck fracture can be linked to what?

Axillary nerve and posterior circumflex humeral artery

The carpal tunnel contains the

median nerve and the flexor pollicis longus tendon

Median nerve controls muscles function and in control over

forearm pronation, wrist flexion (bending the wrist), and flexion of the thumb and first three fingers

Somatic dysfunctions are named for their

freedom of motion, not restriction.

Think about for side bend and rotation.

The ventral root is part of the

efferent motor pathway

The dorsal root is part of the

afferent sensory pathway that leads to the spinal cord

For protonation of the forearm to occur,

The radius must rotate against the humerus