APUSH Chapter 21

Bull Run

This was the location of the first battle of the Civil War. Prior to this battle, Both the Union and the Confederates were expecting a short war. After the battle, only the South was bent on a "90 day war."

Stonewall Jackson

Jackson was the military hero of the Battle at Bull Run. He earned his nickname "Stonewall" here, as he managed to 'stonewall' his lesser Confederate army against the larger Union attack force.

George McClellan

McClellan was the leader of the Union Army. He was a very cautious man, and strongly disliked loosing his troops. Because of this, his men loved him, but he was often ridiculed.

Peninsula Campaign

The Peninsula Campaign was the Union's grand plan for victory early on in the war. The basis of this plan was to capture Richmond so as to stop the war as early as possible.

Robert E. Lee

Robert E. Lee was the commander of the Confederate Army. He was no where near as cautious as McClellan, and because of that often won battles by suffering as many as twice the casualties as the Union.

"Jeb" Stuart

Stuart was the leader of the Confederate Calvary. While on a reconnaissance mission, he ended up circling the Union army

Seven Days' Battles

The Seven Days' Battles was Lee's answer to the Peninsula Campaign. During these battles, the Confederates drove the Union back to the sea, while suffering major casualties

Anaconda Plan

The anaconda plan replaced the Peninsula Campaign after it failed. The plan was to suffocate their supplies, liberate the slaves, cut it in half, divide it into pieces, capture Richmond, and grind it to submission

Blockade

A blockade is the practice of not allowing ships to enter or leave a port. This fit into the 'suffocate' portion of the Union's Anaconda Plan. While not a naval power, the blockade of the south was recognized by other nations

Continuous Voyage

This was another name for the "Ultimate Destination" doctrine the Union used to seize ships suspected of blockade running. Britain didn't protest because they wanted to use it in the future.

Merrimac

These ships were the first ironclad ships. The ironclad ships were revolutionary compared to the wooden ships of the time, as they seemed impenetrable. The Monitor was the Union's ship.

Monitor

These ships were the first ironclad ships. The ironclad ships were revolutionary compared to the wooden ships of the time, as they seemed impenetrable. The Monitor was the Union's ship.

Emancipation Proclamation

This declared all the slaves in Confederate states to be free. However, there was no real effect from this proclamation, as Lincoln had no power in the revolting states.

Butternut Region

The butternut region was the area encompassing the old northwest, and the Border States. These people felt that Lincoln had gone too far with the Emancipation Proclamation.

Frederick Douglass

Frederick Douglass was an ex-slave who thought his life fought for equality and civil rights for blacks. Due to his influence, two regiments from Mass. were created just for blacks.

54th Massachusetts

This regiment was entirely black, save its commander Shaw. The regiment lost half its men in an attack on Fort Wagner in 1863.

Fort Pillow

Several black soldiers had surrendered here. The South did not recognize blacks as prisoners of war, and as such, they were slaves in revolt. Once they surrendered, they were executed.

Ambrose Burnside

Burnside was given command of the Union army after McClellan. He was a terrible leader, whose acts ended up slaughtering many of his men.

Joe Hooker

Hooker was given command by Burnside after "Burnside's Slaughter Pen." He was in charge at the battle that Stonewall Jackson died at.

George Meade

Meade was given the command after Hooker, and right before the battle of Gettysburg. Meade's position at the battle was an accident, and ended up leading to his victory.

Gettysburg

This was the turning point of the war. After this battle, the south had no hopes of winning left

Pickett's Charge

Pickett's Charge marked the last hope of Confederate victory during the battle at Gettysburg. This valiant, yet futile act, once stopped by the union, finished the already falling Southern cause

Gettysburg Address

The Gettysburg address was given by Lincoln following the battle. The speech lasted two minutes, and took place during the dedication of the cemetery at Gettysburg

Ulysses S. Grant

Was the Union's War hero. He led the Union Army for a time, and undoubtedly helped the Union tremendously. He is arguably the best general the Union had through the war.

Fort Henry

Fort Henry was Grant's first military success. The fort lay on the Tennessee River.

Fort Donnelson

Fort Donnellson was on the Cumberland River near Fort Henry. This was also part of Grant's first success as a commander. When asked for terms after the battle here, he said immediate and unconditional surrender.

Shiloh

Shiloh was Grant's first military defeat as commander. While it was a defeat, it was not an important one, as Grant quickly and successfully counter attacked. This proved the war would not end easily.

David Farragut

After capturing New Orleans, Farragut managed to cut off Vicksburg, which was an important supply point for the South. By controlling the Mississippi, Vicksburg was rendered useless.

Vicksburg

Was an important fort situated on the Mississippi. It controlled Cattle and other supplies needed by the Confederacy.

William T. Sherman

Was a ruthless northern commander. He captured Atlanta, and then proceeded to destroy 60 miles of Georgia. Sherman practically created "Total War" methods.

March to the Sea

This was Sherman's destructive route from Atlanta to Savannah in Georgia. Sherman practiced Total War in this move, and destroyed anything and everything, hoping to demoralize the south.

War Democrats

These democrats supported Lincoln's administration. They lacked a leader, so they supported Lincoln as much as possible. They supported fighting until the south surrendered.

Peace Democrats

These democrats did not support Lincoln. Some radicals, named Copperheads, openly obstructed war efforts.

Copperheads

These were radical peace democrats. They openly denounced the President, and attacked the draft. They supported compromise with the south

Clement L. Vallandingham

Was a copperhead leader. He called the war 'Wicked and Cruel.' He was sentenced to prison time, but Lincoln decided if he liked the South, he should be banished to their lines

Andrew Johnson

Was Lincoln's running mate in this election. He was a small time slave owner when the war began, and was placed on the ballot to attract the Border States votes.

George McClellan

McClellan was the leader of the Union Army for a time. He ended up running against Lincoln in the election, and based his campaign upon removing the man who removed him.

Mobile

A northern victory took place here that helped keep Lincoln on the Ballot for the upcoming election. This occurred just days before the balloting day.

Atlanta

Sherman seized this city days before balloting day. He laid waste to the entire valley the city was located in

The Wilderness

The Wilderness Campaign was Grant's all out offensive against Lee. Grant went at Lee in Virginia with about 100,000 men, and fought ferociously. He suffered about 50% casualties, but so did Lee.

Cold Harbor

Cold Harbor was an impregnable position held by the Confederacy. Grant ordered an assault on the position, and was greatly ridiculed for the casualties suffered. 7,000 men died in minutes.

Grant the Butcher

Was the nickname given to Grand after Cold Harbor. This was an undeserved name, as Lee was the general with the highest casualty rate, and he also forced Grant to fight in the manner he did

Richmond

This was the Confederate capitol. After being captured, Lee was cornered at Appotomax, where the war ended.

Appomattox Courthouse

This was the location of the last battle. While there, Lee was cornered, and forced to surrender. Grant offered generous terms, and the confederates became countrymen again

Ford's Theater

Ford's Theatre was the location of Lincoln's assignation. He was shot in the head during a performance by an actor.

John Wilkes Boothe

Was an actor who was considered half crazy. He shot Lincoln four days after the Southern surrender

Lost Cause

The Lost Cause of the south describes its attitude towards slavery. At the end of the war, the Lost Cause of the south was lost, and most would argue that it was for the better.