Realists and Liberals on Globalisation + essay plan

Outline the Dell Theory for conflict resolution

• econ globalisation helped reduce the likelihood of conflict

• links to complex interdependence → states are dependent on each other

Who wrote “The world is flat” and what does he argue

• Thomas Friedman

• Free market capitalism fosters global prosperity and reduced conflict risk

How do Liberals view globalisation?

• Emphasise importance of cooperation, thus see globalisation as a way of encouraging greater connectivity.

• Believe in Dell Theory

• positive about it

• growth of regionalism challenged primacy of nation state, reducing risk of nationalist rivalries that may lead to war (more interconnected, cooperative world)

• Globalised world = safer
  - less motivated by egotistical ppwer principles, more focused on solving collective dilemmas

How do Realists view globalisation?

• Promote primacy of the nation state
  - sceptical about the extent to which globalisation can challenge it

• claim states should act in interest of its own citizens

• Anarchic world : everyone persues own self interest

• attemptes to pool sovereignty via regionalism or IGOs undermines states right to detrmine policy itself

• doubt he extent to which liberal cooperation works
  - attempts to develop HR have often challenged state sov and Westphalian principles
  - seen in attempts to impose western liberal values in parts of the Islamic world → led to instablity and resentment

how do Trumps policies demonstrate the realist view

• Pushed protectionist policies
  - America First
  - “I will put the interests of America first”

• Tarriffs on China, Mexico and Canada
  - protecting US workers contrats liberal commitment to free trade

what does Hyperglobalists belive ?

• Globalisation has led to relocation of power, ultimatley making the nation state obsolete
  - stemming from growing trade connections and capital and info flows, cultural homogenisation and rise of IGOs

• IGOs has reduced independent decision making power of nation states

what do globalisation sceptics belive

• argue nation state still key actor in GP

• not the first time world has experienced globalisation (british empire)

• Trump’s goal to protect US industry rom foreign competition demonstrates limits of econ globalistaion

• some Govs (China, Russia, HUngary) gained popularity by advancing nationalist policies and rejecting shared cultural values associated with globalisation (cultural backlash)

what do Transformationalists believe ?

• Nation states adapting to globalisation rather than being “hollowed out” by it

• States (US, China and India) become powerful due to global free trade

• glocalisation

Paragraph outline efor globalisation essay

1: Econ
- Econ inderdependence → states cannot shield + Bretton Woods
- MNC’s and global reach (exploitation → DRC) race to bottom
- econ liberalism. Washington consensus
- Realist: protectionism. China subsidies and Trump

2: Political
- IGOs and NGOs → challenge centraility of NS
- errode sov: R2P- sov conditional on state not commiting HR violations. Libya 2011, UN Res 1973, NATO use all force necessary to protect citizens

- Regionalism and pooling sov
- NSA role: Greta Thunberg taking initative on CC.
- NS still exert considerable influence over domestic affairs and still put own interest over Int community
- ignore ICJ and ICC
- Treaties require cooperation of states (Trump withdrew from Paris CC agreement twice and India + Pakistan both broken Nuclear non-Proliferation Treaty by developing Nuclear weapons)
- Interventions under R2P rare
- rise of far right in europe challenges attempts for a Federal Europe
- significance of NS

3: Cultural globalisation:

- global monoculture, challenges individual cultures
- Americanisation, most popular brands are American
- uniform culture based on materialism (Naomi Klein- Commoditiy fetishism)
- Cultural backlash = dangerous, rise of far right
- France, Hungary, Italy, Russia
- Glocalisation