IV Fluid Therapy Part 1

Flashcards covering the reasons for IV fluid therapy, body fluid compartments, membrane permeability, and Starling's forces as discussed in Zuku's small animal fluid therapy lecture.

Hypovolemia

A fluid deficit that is reflected specifically within the vasculature.

Dehydration

A fluid deficit that is reflected in the interstitium and intracellular spaces.

Intravascular space

The body fluid compartment consisting of the space within arteries, capillaries, and veins.

Capillary membrane

The interface separating the intravascular and interstitial compartments; it is impermeable to large molecular weight particles but permeable to water, electrolytes, glucose, acetate, lactate, gluconate, and bicarbonate.

Interstitial space

The fluid compartment located between the capillaries and the cells.

Cell membrane

The boundary separating the interstitial and intracellular compartments; it is freely permeable to water, $O_{2}$, and $CO_{2}$ but impermeable to large and small particles without transport mechanisms like ion pumps.

Intracellular space

The fluid compartment within the cells, which maintains a lower concentration of sodium than the extracellular space.

Hydrostatic pressure

The force generated by the pressure of fluid on capillary walls, which is governed by blood pressure ($\text{BP}$) and sympathetic tone.

Oncotic pressure

Also known as colloid osmotic pressure, this is the force elicited by proteins (primarily albumin, globulins, and fibrinogen) that attracts water.

Endothelial glycocalyx

A layer of negatively charged glycoproteins lining the endothelium that helps maintain endothelial integrity, limits fluid extravasation, and modulates blood cell interactions.

CRI

Abbreviation for continuous rate infusion, a method used to administer dextrose or drugs to patients.