Pseudotuberculosis Lecture Notes

Flashcards on Pseudotuberculosis

Pseudotuberculosis

Acute infectious zooanthroponotic disease caused by Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, with fecal-oral transmission, characterized by polymorphism of clinical manifestations, intoxication, fever, and damage to various organ systems.

L. Malasse and V. Vignale

French scientists who first discovered the pseudotuberculosis microbe.

Vignal (1883)

Isolated the pseudotuberculosis pathogen and associated it with certain pathology in animals that resembled tuberculous changes.

Karl Ebert

Coined the term "pseudotuberculosis" in 1885 to describe animal diseases with "tubercles" similar to tuberculous granulomas but from which tuberculosis bacteria could not be isolated.

W. Masshof and W. Knapp

Described the first human cases of pseudotuberculosis in the form of abscessed mesadenitis in 1953.

Far Eastern scarlatina-like fever

Observed an epidemic of pseudotuberculosis, then called Far Eastern scarlatina-like fever, in the Far East of the USSR in 1959.

V.A. Znamensky and A.K. Vishnyakov

Isolated pseudotuberculosis bacilli from the feces of patients with Far Eastern scarlatina-like fever in 1965.

V.A. Znamensky self-infection experiment of 1966

Broke one of the ampoules with a culture of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, dissolved the contents in half a glass of water and drank 300 million microbial bodies of pseudotuberculosis bacillus.

Enterobacteriaceae

Family to which Yersinia pseudotuberculosis belongs.

Yersinia

Genus to which Y. pseudotuberculosis belongs to.

Y. pseudotuberculosis

Species of the pseudotuberculosis pathogen.

Somatic (O) antigen

Thermostable antigen in Y. pseudotuberculosis.

Flagellar (H) antigen

Thermolabile antigen in Y. pseudotuberculosis.

V and W antigens

Virulence antigens in Y. pseudotuberculosis.

Serotypes I (60-90%) and III (83.2%)

Most common serotypes of Y. pseudotuberculosis found in the Russian Federation.

Bacillus with rounded ends, 0.5-0.8 μm in diameter and 1-3 μm in length

Morphology of Y. pseudotuberculosis on Gram stain.

Psychrophilic

Physical characteristic of the causative agent of pseudotuberculosis.

Adhesion and invasion, incomplete phagocytosis, enzyme-forming ability (hyaluronidase, neuraminidase), toxin formation (exotoxin/enterotoxin)

Factors of Pathogenicity of Y. pseudotuberculosis

Meat-peptone agar, Endo medium, Seroy's medium, Ploskirev's medium, McConkey's medium

Examples of nutrient media on which Yersiniae can grow.

7.2 to 7.4

Optimum pH of the medium for Yersiniae growth.

Persists in moist environments for months/years, survives on objects for up to two days when dry, killed by 60-80°C in 15-20 min or boiling in 30-40 sec, killed by detergents in minutes

Resistance of the pathogen in the external environment.

Rodents

Source of infection in the epidemic process of pseudotuberculosis.

Vegetables and herbs (without heat treatment), pickles, fruits, dairy products, water, dust

Transmission factors in the epidemic process of pseudotuberculosis.

Fecal-oral

Mechanism of transmission for pseudotuberculosis.

Food, water, domestic contact

Routes of transmission for pseudotuberculosis.

Central and North-Western parts, Far North, Far East, and Subarctic of Eurasia

Territories of the Russian Federation with more frequent outbreaks of pseudotuberculosis.

Infection, enteric, regional infection, generalization of infection, extinction of infection

Five phases of pathogenesis of pseudotuberculosis.

Lymphadenopathy syndrome

Enlargement and soreness of the anterior cervical, posterior cervical, submandibular, rarely other groups of lymph nodes.

Acute pharyngitis syndrome:

Hyperemia and granularity of the posterior pharyngeal wall, spot enanthema on the mucous membrane of the soft palate, sore throat, "crimson" tongue.

Abdominal form

Occurs in 50% of patients. Often occurs with exacerbations and relapses.

Abdominal syndrome

Pain in the right iliac region, less often in the epigastrium, right subcostal region, around the umbilicus.

Hepatolienal syndrome

Increase in the size of the liver and spleen.

Fever Syndrome (Generalized Form)

Temperature curve is constant or wavy in nature

Fever syndrome (Septic Form)

Temperature fluctuations become irregular (hectic fever) with large diurnal fluctuations, recurrent chills and profuse sweating, tachycardia, myalgia.

Condition is satisfactory, body temperature is normal.

Condition of patients in the period of reconvalescence.

Appendicitis, bowel obstruction and perforation, cholecystitis, meningoencephalitis, brain abscess, kidney abscesses, focal glomerulonephritis, myocarditis

Specific complications of pseudotuberculosis.

Feces, blood, vomit masses

Examined material and Media: Endo, Serov, Ploskirev, McConkey for bacteriologic examination

RNHA, RA (with erythrocyte diagnosticum), ELISA (determination of the level of AT - IgM, IgG), RNIF, RCA, RLA

Material to be examined: blood for blood sampling on day 5-7 of the disease for serologic diagnostics

Rational use of antibacterial drugs

Schemes: Ciprofloxacin, Cefuroxime axetil, Amoxicillin + clavulanic acid, Ampicillin.

Pathogenetic therapy

Detoxification therapy: administration of glucose, saline solutions, hemodez, cardiovascular agents, drugs that improve microcirculation.

Antipyretics

Analgin, Paracetamol, Aspirin, Nurofen

Antispasmodics

No-shpa (Drotaverine), Duspatalin, Spazgan

Prevention of Yersinia

Non-specific prevention includes: Prevention of infection of vegetables, fruits and root crops with yersinia, protection of products consumed without heat treatment from access of rodents, birds, pets