Studied by 236 people
Formal Region
Type of region that has close similarities in physical or cultural features
Functional Region
Type of region that is centered around cores/nodes that have similar functions/activities
Vernacular Region
Type of region that people believe to exist as a part of their cultural identity/Area based on perception
Site
Physical Characteristics of a place
Situation
Location in relation to something else
Malthusian Theory
Theory that while food production grows arithmetically human population grows exponentially
Stage one (DTM)
Low growth, Preindustrial, Agrarian society
Stage one (DTM)
High birth rates and high Death Rates
Stage two (DTM)
High Growth
Stage Two (DTM)
Death rates decline, Birth rates stay high
Stage Three (DTM)
Moderate growth, Mature industrial Economy
Stage Three (DTM)
Birth rates and Death rates drop
Stage Four (DTM)
Low Growth, Post industrial
Demographic Equation
Population over time in an area
Industrialization
Evolving from producing primary goods to mass-producing factories
Primary Sector
Sector that deals with the extraction of natural resources
Secondary Sector
Sector in which the processing and manufacturing occurs
Tertiary sector
Sector that consists of services for people
Quaternary Sector
Sector with service jobs with research and development
MDC (More developed countries)
Experienced industrialization
LDC (Less developed countries)
Have not gone through industrialization
NIC (Newly-industrializing country)
Currently industrializing
Map Projections
Distort the size and shape of land masses
Reference Maps
Maps that show boundaries and geographic features
Thematic Maps
Maps that show Spatial Patterns
South Asia, Southeast Asia, East Asia, Europe
Population Clusters of the world (Four countries)
Population Density
How many people occupy a given unit of land
DTM (Demographic Transition Model)
Model that only considers Birth and death rates, not migration
ETM (Epidemiological Transition Model)
This model only considers disease and death rates
DTM and ETM
Both models not consider Poverty and migration
Cultural Relavitism
Evaluating culture by its own standards
Ethnocentrism
Evaluating another culture based on one’s own standards
Centripetal Force
Force that brings people/populations together
Centrifugal Force
Force that drives People/populations apart
Cultural Hearth
Where cultural traits spread from
Relocation or Contagious diffusion
Diffusion that RELIGIONS spread through
Relocation Diffusion
How traits spread through the relocation or migration of people
Expansion Diffusion
How traits spread past a cultural hearth without people moving/relocating
Contagious Diffusion
How traits are spread to nearby populations despite race or class
Hierarchical diffusion
How traits are spread from important individuals to common people (Think royalty)
Stimulus Diffusion
The idea behind a trait creates a new but related cultural trait
Acculturation
Small cultures adopt traits from bigger ones while maintaining their own
Assimilation
Completely adopting traits from another culture without keeping any elements of the old one
Syncretism
Blending of cultural traits
Multiculturalism
Coexistence of multiple cultures with no pressure to combine
Shatter belt
Politically and ethnically broken apart states between larger but more powerful states
Choke Points
Geographic passages that restrict transport from one region to another
Neocolonialism
Powerful countries attempting to take over weaker ones through economic or cultural pressure
Antecedent Boundary
Boundaries drawn before a territory become populated
Subsequent Boundary
Drawn after a territory has been populated, often reflects cultural landscapes
Consequent Boundary
Divides people of different ethnicities, languages, and religions
Superimposed Boundary
Drawn by outside forces with no consideration for the cultural landscapes
Geometric Boundary
Follow lines of latitude and longitude
Relic Boundary
No longer function as boundaries but their effects still remain
Gerrymandering
The process of redrawing voting districts to manipulating voting outcomes
10 years
Redistricting occurs every
Unitary Government
Central government holds the most power
Federal Government
Shares power with the central and regional government
Devolution
The transfer of power from the central government to regional government
Intensive Agriculture
Less land but more labor
Plantation Agriculture
In tropical climates and grows cash crops for export
Mixed crop and Livestock agriculture
Grows crops to feed livestock
Extensive Agriculture
More land but lower yields
Shifting cultivation
Clearing land for crops and allowing them to regrow
Second Agricultural Revolution
Led to population growth and urbanization
Green revolution
Increased food production through GMOs, Fertilizers, pesticides and herbicides.
Subsistence Agriculture
Provide for local community
Commercial Agriculture
Aims for profit
Von Thunen Model
Model that explains how land is used to agriculture, centering around cost of land and transportation
Urbanization
Cause of the creation of mega cities and meta cities
Mega city
10 million+ people
Metacity
20 million+ people
Primate city
Has over double the population of the second largest city, has a lot of control over a country
Gravity Model
Model explains how larger settlements attract more people and interactions
Central Place Theory
Theory that explains Spatial distribution of settlements based on size
Quinary Sector
Making decisions (Policitians)
Weber’s Least Cost Theory
Theory that the location of an industry is influenced by transportation, labor Costs and agglomeration
GDP (Gross Domestic Product)
Measures Economic output of a country
GNP (Gross National Product)
Value of goods and services produced by a country’s citizens
GNI (Gross National Income)
Income generated by a country’s citizens and companies
GII (Gender Inequality Index)
Measures gender inequality
HDI (Human Development Index)
Determines human development
Lingua Franca
A common language adopted by people that who speak different native languages
Environmental Determinism
The belief that the environment and physical geography affect spatial distribution of human culture and societal development
Environmental Possibilism
The concept that physical geography and environment restricts human activity, but adaptation is possible
Maquiladora
Factory placed on the other side of the border so labor is cheapS
Small Scale Maps
Maps that cover large area in less detailA
Large Scale Map
Maps that cover small area with more detail
Arithmetic Density
Total number of people divided by the total land area
Physiological Density
Number of people per unit area of arable land
Agricultural Density
Total number of farmers divided by total area of farmlandN
Natural Increase Rate
Difference between the birth rate and death rate of a country
Total Fertility Rate
the average number of children that are born to a woman over her lifetime
Dependency ratio
Number of people who are too young or too old to work compared to ones who can work
Doubling Time
How long it takes a country/population to double in population
Bottom heavy population pyramid
Early in the Demographic Transition Model
Top heavy population pyramid
Later in the Demographic Transition Model
Core country
Dominant countries that are typically more industrialized and urbanized, usually exploit smaller countries for labor and raw materials
Periphery Country
Less industrialized, dependent on dominant country and have underdeveloped industry
Footloose Industry
Businesses whose locations are not tied to resources, transportation, or consumer locationsEn
