APUSH Chapter 21

Vallandigham

a leading Ohio Copperhead who opposed the Civil War and was exiled for criticizing Lincoln’s policies.

Andrew Johnson

Lincoln’s vice president who became president after the assassination and oversaw lenient Reconstruction policies.

McClellan

A cautious Union general who organized the Army of the Potomac but was removed for failing to aggressively pursue Confederate forces.

Sherman

A Union general known for his “March to the Sea,” using total war tactics to destroy Confederate infrastructure. Burned georgia!

Appomattox

The Virginia site where Robert E. Lee surrendered to Ulysses S. Grant in 1865, effectively ending the Civil War.

Antietam

The 1862 battle in Maryland that became the bloodiest single day of the Civil War and led to the Emancipation Proclamation.

John Wilkes Booth

A Confederate sympathizer who assassinated President Lincoln at Ford’s Theatre in 1865.

Proclamation

An official public announcement issued by a government authority.

Robert E. Lee

The Confederacy’s most important general and commander of the Army of Northern Virginia.

Thomas Jackson

A brilliant Confederate general known for his steadfastness in battle, especially at First Bull Run.

Ulysses S. Grant

The leading Union general who secured major victories in the West and accepted Lee’s surrender, later becoming president.

Meade

A Union general who defeated Lee at the Battle of Gettysburg.

Chase

Lincoln’s Treasury Secretary who helped finance the Union war effort and later became Chief Justice.

1st Bull Run

The first major Civil War battle, revealing that the war would be long and costly. Confederacy won.

Gettysburg

Turning-point battle where Union forces halted Lee’s invasion of the North.

Emancipation

the act of freeing enslaved people.

Merrimack

A Confederate ironclad warship that fought the Union’s Monitor in the first ironclad battle.

Vicksburg

The 1863 Union victory that gave the North control of the Mississippi River and split the Confederacy.

Union Party

The temporary coalition of Republicans and War Democrats that backed Lincoln in the 1864 election.