DRUGS AND B/V: MIDTERM 1

The term “Laissez-faire” refers to the tendency of news media to sensationalize drug problems (T OR F)

FALSE

Very early in the 20th century the Canadian government regulated, and made a profit from, the production of opium (T OR F)

TRUE

Most opioid-related deaths in Canada occurred in males (T OR F)

TRUE

It is NOT possible to gain a true measure of the relative toxicities of drugs of abuse and misuse in Canada (T OR F)

FALSE

Chronic drug effects refer to those that are due to prolonged exposure to the drug (T OR F)

TRUE

Data from Canadian population-specific surveillance systems suggest that approximately 15% of IDUs borrow needles that have been used by someone else (T OR F)

TRUE

In Canada, it is estimated that there are between 75,000 and 125,000 intravenous drug users (IDUs). (T OR F)

TRUE

Physical dependence is defined by the appearance of withdrawal symptoms when the drug is stopped. (T OR F)

TRUE

The drugs that are most likely to lead to dependence are the ones that have reduced effects after repeated use. ( T OR F)

FALSE

Up until the twentieth century, the most common view was probably that substance dependent individuals were weak willed, lazy, or immoral (T OR F)

TRUE

Substance-related disorders, defined by the DSM-5, encompass 5 separate classes of drugs: alcohol. (T OR F)

FALSE

No genetic, physiological, or biochemical marker has been found that definitively predicts drug dependence (T OR F)

TRUE

The fact that drug users engage in robberies or that car thieves are likely to also use illicit drugs does not say anything about causality (T OR F)

TRUE

About 50% of those convicted of drug crimes reported that they had sold drugs to get money for their own drug use (T OR F)

FALSE

In a recent study investigating the cost of substance abuse in Canada, it was estimated that 10% of all criminal offences were attributable to alcohol

(T OR F)

FALSE

Longitudinal studies find that indicators of criminal or antisocial behaviour usually occur earlier in life than the first use of an illicit drug (T OR F)

TRUE

Needle exchange programs began in Canada in 1989; however the programs were found to have little impact on the rate of HIV infection among intravenous drug users and were too expensive an initiative to continue

(T OR F)

FALSE

The commission of crimes by drug users is due in large part to a pharmacological effect of the drug itself that causes the user to believe he/she is invincible (T OR F)

FALSE

In the early 1900s, the Canadian government’s approach to the regulating the sale and use of drugs was considered a "hands-off" approach referred to as which of the following?

A) Criminal

B) Laissez-faire

C) Variable
D) Irresponsible

B) Laissez-faire

20. Between 1871 and 1908, how did the government of Canada view opium?

    1. A)  As international trade opportunity

    2. B)  A threat to the cultural values of a newly developing country

    3. C)  A threat to its citizens, especially women

    4. D)  As a Canadian economic opportunity

D)  As a Canadian economic opportunity

In what year did Canada enact its first drug law?

A) 1892

B) 1902

C) 1908

D) 1918

C) 1908

Which drug specifically forced Canada to enact its first drug law?

A) Alcohol

B) Cannabis

C) Cocaine

D) Opium

D) Opium

Who, in 2006, was the first to challenge the reality of pharma parties because no actual data existed?

A)  A journalist

B)  Canada’s Federal Minister of Health

C)  Canada’s premieres from Ontario and British Columbia

D)  The Chief of Canada’s Federal police force; the Royal Canadian Mounted Police

(RCMP)

A)  A journalist

23. Which type of drug-induced toxicity would describe the effects of smoking marijuana associated with risks for bronchitis and lung infections?

A)  Chronic and long-term behavioural

B)  Chronic long-term physiological

C)  Acute and behavioural

D)  Acute and physiological

B)  Chronic long-term physiological

23. Which type of drug-induced toxicity would describe heart disease and lung cancer?

A)  Chronic and long-term behavioural

B)  Chronic long-term physiological

C)  Acute and behavioural

D)  Acute and physiological

B)  Chronic long-term physiological

23. 26)  Which type of drug-induced toxicity would cause a user to stop breathing?

A)  Chronic and long-term behavioural

B)  Chronic long-term physiological

C)  Acute and behavioural

D)  Acute and physiological

D)  Acute and physiological

The text lists three concerns that led to the enactment of the first Canadian drug laws, which we called controlled substances. Which was NOT a concern?

A)  High profits for drug sellers

B)  Toxicity

C)  Dependence

D)  Association of drug users with crime

A)  High profits for drug sellers

Drugs Involved in U.S. overdose deaths between 1999 and 2020 were related to which drug?

A) cocaine

B)  fentanyl

C)  GHB

D)  heroin

B)  fentanyl

How did Canada compare to other countries when reflecting on its hand-off approach to drug control in early Canadian society?

A)  Canada's approach was similar to the United States but not the European countries who considered both countries irresponsible

B)  Similar to most countries in the world at this time in history.

C)  Canada's approach was considered irresponsible compared to Great Britain and all its

commonwealth countries.

D)  Canada's approach was considered economically prudent compared to the United States strict regulations.

B)  Similar to most countries in the world at this time in history.

Which term describes when the use of a substance makes normal activities such as driving result in harmful accidents?

A)  Behavioural tolerance

B)  Drug misuse

C)  Behavioural toxicity

D)  Laissez-faire

C)  Behavioural toxicity

John finished his last college class of the day and went over to his friend's house, just two blocks from where he lives. Once he arrived and for the next 3 hours, John drinks 10 shots of tequila and 5 beers. He is about to get in his car and drive home. Based on this information,, which term would best describe his condition?

1. A)  Chronic

2. B)  Behavioural toxicity

3. C)  Physiological toxicity

4. D)  Acute

D)  Acute

29. Since 1994, what agency was established to provide health information for health services and research initiatives in Canada?

    1. A)  The Canadian Association of Chiefs of Police (CACP)

    2. B)  Canadian Institute for Health Information (CIHI)

    3. C)  Ministry of Health Canada

    4. D)  The Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC)

B)  Canadian Institute for Health Information (CIHI)

Data collected by the Canadian Institute for Health Information (CIHI) does not include:

A) Age

B)  Gender

C)  Hospital Substance Abuse Emergency Admissions

D)  Residence

C)  Hospital Substance Abuse Emergency Admissions

Who specially regulates the International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems system?

A)  The Canadian Classification of Health Interventions

B)  The American Psychological Association

C)  The American Psychiatric Association I

D)  World Health Organization

D)  World Health Organization

Based on Canadian data published in a 2017 report, how many apparent opioid-related deaths occurred in 2016?

A) 1816

B) 2816

C) 3816

D) 4816

B) 2816

A 2021 opioid toxicity deaths report captured deaths between January 2016 and June 2021. This study identified 24 626 opioid toxicity deaths with most occurring in

A)  females and individuals between 20 to 49 years of age.

B)  females and individuals between 50 to 65 years of age.

C)  males and individuals between 20 to 49 years of age.

D)  males and individuals between 50 to 65 years of age

C)  males and individuals between 20 to 49 years of age

34. A 2021 report indicated that at 86%, _____ specifically, was the major cause of toxicity deaths.

A)  cocaine

B)  fentanyl

C)  GHB

D)  heroin

B)  fentanyl

All of the following have universally determined the development of drug laws EXCEPT which one?

A)  Crime

B)  International trade

C)  Dependence

D)  Toxicity

B)  International trade

Which statement describes acute drug effects?

A)  Are dangerous.

B)  Are caused by the immediate presence of the drug in the body.

C)  Are unrelated to dose.

D)  Last more than a day.

B)  Are caused by the immediate presence of the drug in the body

40. Which is an example of chronic physiological toxicity?

A)  Lung cancer from smoking

B)  Motivational syndrome

C)  Paranoia from methamphetamine use

D)  Respiratory arrest from an alcohol overdose

A)  Lung cancer from smoking

According to your textbook, concerns about DAWN's accuracy and misinterpretation of the data by drug policy officials led to what action?

A)  It prompted researches to stop relying on its outcomes.

B)  It prompted police departments to stop relying on its outcomes.

C)  It prompted discontinuation of DAWN in 2011.

D)  It prompted a revamping of DAWN's sampling procedures in 2011

C)  It prompted discontinuation of DAWN in 2011.

40. What is the Drug Abuse Warning Network?

A)  A system of free public-service announcements.

B)  A voluntary organization for teachers and police officers.

C)  It monitors drug-related medical emergencies.

D)  It monitors arrest rates for various drug-law violations

C)  It monitors drug-related medical emergencies.

40. According to the National Center for Health Statistics, the sharpest increase occurred among deaths related to what circumstance?

A)  Driving under the influence of both alcohol and cannabis

B)  Driving under the influence cannabis

C)  Fentanyl and fentanyl analogues

D)  Combined use of alcohol and ecstasy use among adolescent males

C)  Fentanyl and fentanyl analogues

In Canada, it is estimated that there are approximately how many intravenous drug users (IDUs)?

A)  89 000

B)  121 000

C)  172 000

D)  210 000

C)  172 000

A 2019 study of IDUs in Canada determined that _____ were positive for HIV and _____ were positive for HCV.

A)  5%; 44%

B)  10%; 37%

C)  10%; 64%

D)  15%; 85%

C)  10%; 64%

Jason is preparing a new information campaign aimed at IDU users. Which opening statement would best describe the most accurate reality today, according to data established by the Canadian population-specific surveillance systems?

A)  An individual drug user may inject 500 times a year, and approximately 15% of IDUs borrow needles used by someone else.

B)  An individual drug user may inject 1000 times a year, and approximately 15% of IDUs borrow needles used by someone else.

C)  An individual drug user may inject 1000 times a year, and approximately 25% of IDUs borrow needles used by someone else.

D)  An individual drug user may inject 1200 times a year, and approximately 38% of IDUs borrow needles used by someone else.

B)  An individual drug user may inject 1000 times a year, and approximately 15% of IDUs borrow needles used by someone else

The first official needle exchange program in Canada began in which city?

Vancouver

46. Which of the following was NOT identified as a drug commonly used by IDUs?

A)  GHB

B)  Heroin

C)  Pharmaceutical opioids

D)  cocaine

A)  GHB

46. In comparing the relative toxicity of marijuana and cocaine, what important fact should be taken into account?

A)  The user's gender and weight.

B)  Availability and price.

C)  Urban vs. rural environment.

D)  That many more people use marijuana than use cocaine.

D)  That many more people use marijuana than use cocaine.

Intravenous drug users have higher than average rates of HIV infection, but even higher rates of which of the following?

A)  Hepatitis C.

B)  Herpes simplex.

C)  Staphylococcus infection.

D)  ADHD.

A)  Hepatitis C.