Sports Care and Prevention - Exam 3

An injury to the ligament is known as a

Sprain

Superior

Closer towards the head

Inferior

Closer to the toes

Medial

Towards the midline of the body

Lateral

Further away from the midline

Anterior

Frontside

Posterior

Backside

Proximal

In limbs, the bicep is proximal to the shoulder than the wrist

Closer to the origin of the limb

Distal

In limbs, the wrist distal to the should than the bicep

Further away from the origin of the limb

Deep

Deeper in relation to the surface of the skin

Superficial

Closer to the surface of the skin

Sagittal

Side plan of view

Frontal/Coronal Plane

Front and back

Transverse Plane

Top half of body and lower half of the body

How many bones make the rearfoot

7

Metatarsal Bone

5 Bones

Deltoid Ligament

Primary Stabilizer of the Medial Side of the ankle joint

Lateral Side of Ligaments

1. Anterior Talofibular Ligament

2. Posterior Talofibular Ligament

3. Calcaneofibular Ligament

Medial Longitudinal Arch

Sideways arch

Lateral Longitudinal Arch

Outside of the foot arch

Plantar Fascia

1. Shape the Arch

2. Shock Absorption

3. Stabilizes the Arch

Gastrucnemeous

Calf Muscles, Two Heads of the calf (Medial and Lateral Heads)

Common Injuries on Feet

1. Fractures

2. Bursitis

3. Tendonitis

4. Mortons Foot

5. Arch Problems

6. Turf Toe

7. Bunions

8. Contusions

Fracture

Caused by direct trauma 

Signs and Symptoms

1. Immediate and intense pain

2. Swelling and discoloration

3. Obvious deformity with dislocation

Bursitis

1. Fluid-Filled sacs to reduce friction

2. Inflammation of Bursa beneath Achilles tendon

3. Result of pressure and rubbing of shoe

Heel Bruise 

1. Irritation of Fat Pad

2. Unable to withstand stress of weight bearing

3. May progress to chronic inflammation of bone covering

Heel Spurs

1. Can be related to chronic heel bruises

Mortons Foot

The 2nd or 3rd Metatarsal is longer than the first which causes pain to the 2nd or 3rd metatarsal

Metatarslagia

1. Flattening of the metatarsal arch

Arch Problems

1. Pes Planus

2. Pes Cavus

Pes Planus

Flat Feet

Pes Cavus

High Arches

Ankle Injuries

1. Inversion

2. Eversion

Inversion

1. Sprains are more common; 80 to 85 percent of angle sprain

Eversion

1. Less common because its harder to pull apart the deltiod ligament

CAI

Chronic Ankle Instability

1. Repeated Ankle Sprains

2. Rehabilitate Weakened Structures

3. Restore Ankle proprioception and neuromuscular control

Thompson Test

1. Press the Gastrocnemius to see if plantar flexion occurs

2. If it doesn’t the “connected achilleas tendon” is not attached to the calf

Compartment Syndrome

1. Swelling puts pressure on vessels and nerves which can cause permanent damage

Acute Trauma Compartment Syndrome

1. Acute Trauma can result in swelling within compartment

3 Parts to the Hip

1. Ilium

2. Ischium

3. Symphysis Pubis

Posterior Muscles

1. Gluteus Medeius

2. Gluteus Maximus 

Hamstring Muscles

1. Semitendinosus

2. Semimembranosus

Common Strains 

Common muscles that are strained

1. Quads 

2. Hamstrings

3. Hip Flexors

4. Adductors

Quadriceps Contusion

Sign and Symptoms

1. Pain

2. Loss of Function

3. Point Tenderness

4. Swelling

Myositis Ossificans

Formation of Ectopic Bone

Hip Pointer

Contusions of the interior Illiac Crest

Snapping Hip Syndrome

1. Internal Snapping Hip Syndrome

2. External Snapping Hip Syndrome

Osteitis Pubis

1. Injury results from constant stress and the pubic symphysis joint

2. Inflammation of the Pubic Symphysis inflamed

Hernias

1. A protrusion of viscera through abdominal wall

2. “Abdominal Wall is broken, and the intestines are protruding out of the wall” 

3. Can cause the bowl to die

Femoroacetabular Impingement

1. A condition caused by extra bone growth on the pelvis or femur

2. Two Types (Cam and Pincer)

3. Bones rub together causing pain and possible tearing of the labrum

Hip Dislocation

1. Loss of movement to the leg

2. Immediate Medical Emergency

Avulsion Fracture

1. A bone fragment is torn away with tendon attached

Femur Fractures

1. Common in elderly people