Part 1 Boards General anatomy

what type of tissue is found in alveoli, capillaries, blood vessels, lymph vessels

imple squamous

which tissue type is found in areas of high friction, skin, oral cavity, anal cavity, vagina, esophagus

stratified squamous

what type of tissue is found in the bronchioles, kidney tubules, choroid plexus

simple cuboidal

where is stratified cuboidal found

sweat glands

what type of tissue is found in the urinary bladder, ureters, urethra

transitional

what type of tissue is found the stomach, intestines, digestive tract

simple columnar

stratified columnar is found where?

uterus

what type of tissue is found in the respiratory tract

pseudo stratified ciliated columnar

macrohphage types

lung

liver

brain

skin

placenta

bone

dust cells

kupffer cells

microglia

langerhans

hofbauer cells

osteoclasts

what are the 6 layers of the epidermis from superior to inferior?

stratium corneum

lucideum

granulosum

spinosum

germinativum

which layer of the epidermis is only found on the soles of the feet and palms

striatum lucidum

which layer of the epidermis contains melanin

stratum germinativum (basal layer)

what are the 3 layers of the dermis

papillary

reticular

hypodermis

What are the suprahyoid muscles?

digastric, stylohyoid, mylohyoid, geniohyoid

what cranial nerve is connected to the stylohyoid

CN VII

which cranial nerve is connected to the anterior belly and the posterior belly of the digastric

anterior CN 5

Posterior CN VII

what cranial nerve connects the mylohyoid

CN V

Geniohyoid is connects to what cranial nerve

C1 spinal nerve via CN XII

What are the infrahyoid muscles?

omohyoid, sternohyoid, sternothyroid, thyrohyoid

what cranial nerve connects the thryohyoid

C1 via CNII

What connects the omohypid, sternohyoid, and sternothyroid?

ansa cervicalis

what type of tissue is found in tendons and ligaments

Dense regular

what tissue is found on the dermis of the skin

dense irregular

elastic tissue us found within

blood vessels

lymph nodes and spleen contain what tissue

Reticular

Type 1 collagen found in

bones, tendons, organs

type 2 collagen found in

cartilage

type 3 cartilage found in

reticular fibers

action of the palatoglossus muscle and what CN

elvates tongues

CN X

action 0f the styloglossus and CN

elevate and retract the tongue

CN XII

action of the hyoglossus and CN

CNXII

Depress and retract the tongue

action of the genioglossus and what CN

depress and protrude the tongue

CN XII

action of the frenulum

attaches tongue to the floor of the mouth, seperates anterior and posterior spaces

what Cranial nerve is connected to all the Intrinsic muscles of the tongue

CN XII

what is the largest and fewest taste buds; located anterior to sulcus terminale

Circumvallate

what is the smallest most numerous and not involved in taste, taste bud

filliform

what is the first taste bud on the tongue

fungiform

which taste bud is located on the sides of the tongue

foliate

which tonsil is located on the roof of the nasopharynx and if swelling occurs can can oclude opening of the eustachian tube

pharyngeal (adenoids)

which tonsil is located in the mucosa of the lateral walls of nasopharynx

tubal

which tonsil is located on the either side of the oropharynx withing isthmus of fauces

palatine

which tonsil is located at the base of the posterior 1/3 tongue

lingual

what are the pillers of fauces

palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal

what do posterior cricoarytenoids do?

abduct the vocal folds; open glottis

what do the lateral cricoarytenoids do?

adduct vocal cords

what do thyroarytenoid muscles do?

relax vocal folds, pitch goes down (low pitch)

what do the cricoarytenoids do?

tenses and lengthens vocal cord (high pitch sound)

The thyroid is found at what vertebral level and forms?

c4-5

adams apple

superior and inferior horns (cornu)

Cricoid is found at what level and articulates with?

C6

arytenoid cartilage

What does the epiglottis do during swallowing?

flattens and moves posteriorly to close off larynx and prevent aspiration

what are the 3 paired laryngeal cartilages

arytenoids, corniculates, cuneiforms

boundaries of carotid triangle

1. SCM

2. Posterior digastric

3. Superior belly of omohyoid

what are found inside the carotid triangle

salivary glands

Hypoglossal nerve (CNXII)

Myohyoid nerve

boundaries of submandibular (digastric) triangle

Digastric m (both heads)

Inferior border of mandible

what are found inside the submandibular/diagstric triangle

myohyoid nerve

hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)

what are the borders of the muscular/inferior carotid triangle

SCM

Sup. belly of omohyoid

Midline of the neck

what are found inside the muscular/inferior carotid triangle

larynx

trachea

thyroid gland

what are the borders if the suprahyoid/submental triangle

submental lymph nodes

muscles of floor of mouth

salivary glands and ducts

what are the borders of the occiputal triangle

SCM

Trap

Inferior belly of omohyoid muscle

what is found inside the suprahyoid/submental triangle

submental lymph nodes

muscles of floor of mouth

Salivary glands and ducts

what is found in the Occiputal traingle

cervical plexus

Spinal Accessory nerve (CN XI)

what are the borders of the sublclavian/supraclavicular/omoclavicular triangle

SCM

Inferior belly of omohyoid muscle

Clavicle

what i found inside the subclavian/supraclavicular/omoclavicular triangle

Brachial plexus

what is the thoracic inlet and what do we find inside

aka superior thoracic aperture

opening for nerves and blood vessels supplying head, neck, and arms

TOS

In the Thoracic outlet what do we find

aka inferior thoracic aperture

T11/12; diaphragm closes off the thoracic outlet, separates thoracic cavity from abdominal cavity

T11/12; gastro-esophageal junction

where is the cardiac of the stomach found

where the esophagus meets greater curvature of the stomach

the esophagus is composed of what muscle

smooth and striated muscle

T

The inferior vena cava pierces the diaphragm at what level

T8 at central tendon

the esophagus pierces the diaphragm at what level

T10

the Aorta pierces the diaphragm at what level

T12

The right crus extends from what vertebral level

L1-L3

the Left crus extends from what vertebral level

L1-L2

the Lefr and right crus form?

median arcuate ligament

where does the medial arcuate ligament derive from

derived from psoas fascia

the lateral arcuate liagment derived from

quadratus lumborum fascia

the mesentary of the peritoneum connects?

organs to posterior abdominal wall

the peritoneum ligaments connect?

One organ to anther

the greater omentum connects

greater curvature of stomach to transverse colon

the lesser omentum connects?

lesser curvature of stomach to liver

What is the epiploic foramen of winslow?

opening between peritoneal sacs and omentums

what are the muscles of inspiration

external intercostals

what superior elevates the first 4 ribs during inspiration and innervated by T9-T12 costal nerves

serratus posterior

What are the msucles of expiration?

internal intercostals

what inferiorly depresses the last 4 ribs during expiration

serratus posterior

what are the retroperitoneal organs

S- suprarenal glands

A- aorta and inferior vena cava

D- duodenum

P- pancreas

U- ureters

C- colon

K- kidneys

E- esophagus

R- rectum

How many lobar and bronchopulmonary segments are found on the right lung?

3 lobar

10 bronchopulmonary

the horizontal fissure is found on what lobe and is found at what vertebral level

Right lung

loacted at 4th rib and T6 vertebra posteriorly

the right lung oblique fissure separates

middle lobe from inferior lobe

the hilum consists of

bronchus and pulmonary artery and pulmonary vein

venous impression are found in what lung

right lung which means arterial are found in the other

how many lobar and bronchopulmonary segments are found in the left lung

2 lobar

8 bronchopulmonary

the oblique fissure separates what in the left lung

superior lobe from inferior lobe

the left long hilum contains

pulmonary artery

bronchus

pulmonary vein

where is the lingula found

left lung which contains the cardiac notch

trachea begins at

C6

Inferior margin of cricoid cartilage

trachea ends at

T4

sternal angle

what cartilage is found from the trachea to the secondary bronchus and stops at the tertiary brinchus

hyaline cartilage

what cartilage is found on the bronchioles

none

nada

zip

what is the 9 pathways of air

1. Trachea

2. primary bronchus

3.secondary bronchus

4.tertiary bronchus

5.terminal bronchioles

6. respiratory bronchioles

7.alveolar ducts

8.alveolar sacs

9.alveoli