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Pyridine-Piperidine Alkaloids 3
Nicotine
Nicotiana tabacum
Areca/Betel nut
Areca catechu
Lobella
Lobella inflata (indian tobacco)
Tropane Alkaloids (Solaneous Alkaloids) 8
belladonna
Atropa belladonna
Hyoscyamus / Henbane
Hyscyamus niger 0.04%
Egyptian Hyoscyamus / Egyptian Henbane
Hyoscyamus muticus 1.5%
Duboisia
Duboisia myoporoides
Withania
Withania somnifera (atropine commerical source)
Stramonium aka
Jimson Weed/ Jamestown weed
Datura stramonium Solanaceae
Mandragora / European Mandrake / May apple
Mandragora officinarum
mandragorine
Cocaine
Truxillo coca
Eryhroxylon coca
E. truxillense
Brompton's cocktail (pubmed: Heroin, Morphine, Cocaine, Chlorpromazine)
*Atropine
Antispasmodic
antisialogogue
mydriatic
cycloplegic
positive inotrope
*Scopalamine / hyoscine
transderm, motion sickness
Quinoline alkaloids
Cinchona
Cinchona succirubra - red cinchona bark
C. calisaya - yellow cinchona bark
Quinine [malarial], Quinidine [antiarrhythmic Class IA]
Cuprea
Remijia purdieana (Cupreaceae)
commerical source of quinidine
Isoquinoline alkaloids
Ipecac
Cephaelis ipecacuancha
emetine, dover's powder
Paregoric
Laudanum
Sanguinaria / bloodrood
Sanguinaria Canadensis
Sanguinarine
expectorant and emetic
Tubocuranine
Strychos castelnaei
S. toxifera, S. crevauxxi
standardization: Head drop assay in rabbits
used for tetanus and stychnine poisoning
Opium / Gum Opium
Papaver somniferum
Marquis test : opioids = purple
TYPES OF OPIUM
Diacetylmorphine
Heroine
acetylation of morphine
increase danger of habit formation
hydromorphone
more potent analgesic, less side effects
Apomorphone
condensation of morphine + HCl
cycloplegic agent
Hydrocodone
antitussive
OPIATES (natural source) 5
Morphine
Serturner; God's own medicine
most important, most abundant, narcotic analgesic
Codeine
P. Robriquet,
methylation of MORPHINE= methylmorphine
antitussive
Noscapine
non-narcotic opium alkaloid
antitussive, narcotic/nicotine
Papaverine
smooth muscle relaxant, antitussive
Thebaine
