1.1a - Types of movement at hinge joints and ball and socket joints

What types of movement are at hinge joints?

flexion and extension

What types of movement are at ball and socket joints?

Flexion
extension
rotation
abduction
adduction
circumduction

What is flexion?

decreasing the angle around a joint

What is extension?

Increasing the angle of a joint

What is rotation?

When the bone turns about its longitudinal axis within the joint

What is internal/medial rotation

rotation towards the body

What is external/lateral rotation

rotation away from the body

What is abduction?

Movement of the body away from the middle of the body

What is adduction?

movement towards the middle of the body

What is circumduction?

A continuous circular movement of a limb around a joint

Physical Example of flexion at the knee

Bending your leg at the knee when preparing to make a pass in football

Physical Example of flexion at the elbow?

When a badminton player prepares to hit an overhead clear

Physical example of extension of the knee

When a basketball player drives up to the basket from bent legs to straight, extension at the knee joint

Physical example of extension at the elbow

When making a basketball shot the bent arm straightens when releasing the ball

Physical example of flexion at the shoulder

Lifting arms out of the water during backstroke in swimming

Physical example of flexion at the hip

In hockey bending down to ensure your hockey stick in on the floor and can stop the ball

Physical example of extension at the shoulder

The execution of a serve in tennis, when player takes arm back before throwing ball up

Physical example of extension at the hip

A rugby player extends the hip in preparation for kicking through the ball for maximum power

Physical example of rotation at the shoulder

A tennis player uses external rotation at the shoulder joint during a backswing serve

Physical example of rotation at the hip

A ballet dancer moves into firs position and rotates the hip laterally

Physical example of abduction at the shoulder

A swimmer lifts their arms out to the side during butterfly stroke

Physical example of abduction at the hip

A gymnast with their leg lifted to the side

Physical example of adduction at the shoulder

A rugby player tackling player with hold on to them by adducting he arms as she tackles

Physical example of adduction at the hip

In swimming the recovery of legs from the breaststroke leg kick involves adduction

Physical example of circumduction at the shoulder

A swimmer will take their arm out round and back into the water during the front crawl

Physical example of circumduction at the hip

A gymnast on the beam takes their back leg off the beam, moves it out and round to place their foot ahead of the front foot