Transport Protocols and TCP/UDP Concepts

These flashcards cover key concepts related to transport protocols, particularly focusing on TCP and UDP functionalities, their mechanisms, port addressing, and related RFC specifications.

The transport layer provides __ communication between applications.

end-to-end

The purpose of __ is to provide the level of reliability required by applications in the transport layer.

transport

To identify the recipient process within a machine, the transport layer uses __ to define access points to the transport service.

TSAP (Transport Service Access Point)

A __ is a 16-bit number that identifies a process.

port

A __ is a data structure used by a process to request network services from the operating system.

socket

The triple format for a socket's address is comprised of:

The range of well-known ports reserved by the RFC 1700 is from 0 to __.

1024

On the client side, the application connects to the server's well-known TSAP, and the server listens on a __ port.

well-known

The server process uses a __ to determine which service is associated with a service name when a new service is created.

Portmapper

The UDP protocol is described in RFC __ and adds minimal functionality to the service provided by IP.

768

UDP does not include flow or error control, meaning that datagrams can be __, __, corrupt, or arrive out of order.

lost; duplicated

The source port in a UDP datagram is __, specifying the port to which responses should be sent.

optional

In TCP, the control phases include establishment of connection, __, and termination of connection.

data transfer

TCP was originally defined in RFC __ and corrected in RFC 1122.

793

The segment FIN in TCP must be acknowledged, and a timer is set for __ after receiving FIN to properly close the connection.

2 tau

In TCP, the sender generates data very slowly, often just one byte per segment in the case of certain protocols, which exemplifies the __ syndrome.

Nagle's

The value of the TCP window size field is bits, and its maximum value is bytes.

16; 65535

The __ principle is employed in TCP to manage flow and congestion control, allowing multiple segments to be transmitted without immediate acknowledgment.

sliding window

When a TCP segment is sent, its sequence number identifies the position of the data in the __ stream.

information

TCP connections cannot exceed __ bytes of unacknowledged data sent before an ACK is received due to the 16-bit window size field limitation.

65535

In scenarios with long fat networks, TCP instances can face performance limitations due to excessive __ and RTT.

bandwidth