Forensics Final

Which court case places the responsibility for determining what constituted good admissible science with the judge, but with the guidance from the scientific community (general acceptance)?

Daubert

What narrows an identity to a group of persons or things?

Class Evidence

What occurs when a measurement is off by a consistent amount?

Systematic Error

What is a technique that separates large molecules by their charge and size?

Gel electrophoresis

What process can take extremely small quantities of incomplete DNA strands and prepare duplicates of the original DNA to allow for an accurate analysis?

PCR (polymerase chain reaction)

What concept states that any evidence found from an illegal search also cannot be used to find other evidence?

Fruit of the Poisonous Tree Doctrine

What is a locus? (loci = plural)

The location of a gene on a DNA strand

When securing a crime scene for the investigative team, the following person must be allowed to enter the secured area, even if evidence is compromised

the emergency medical personnel

PCR is a technique that:

Can produce many exact copies of segments of DNA

PSA (p30) is a

Protein found in seminal plasma

The building blocks of the DNA molecule are known as:

Nucleotides

Which statement is NOT true? Few forensic labs do analysis of mtDNA because:

Little mDNA is present in a cell

The final evaluator of forensic evidence is the:

Jury

The concept of "general acceptance" of scientific evidence relates to the:

Frye standard

The rate at which large DNA fragments move through the electrophoretic gel is _____ the rate at which small DNA fragments move through the same apparatus.

Less than

A test that specifically identifies one substance with a high degree of certainty:

Confirmatory Test

The most important tool of the firearms examiner is the:

Comparison microscope

Forensic Science is the application of science to

Both criminal and civil laws

Assume that two strands of

DNA have been separated and that the base sequence on one strand is ATGC. State the sequence of bases on the second strand

TACG

What shows that evidence has always been under someone's direct supervision and is, therefore, admissible as evidence in court?

chain of custody form

Concept that measures the similarities and differences between people or evidence

Principle of Comparison

In using a microscope, the size of the specimen area in view is known as the:

Field of view

Idea that even though 2 objects may be indistinguishable, they can never be exactly identical

Principle of Individuality

STRs normally consist of repeating sequences of:

2-6 bases

CODIS is a national system of:

Shared databases of DNA typing information from convicted felons and crime scene evidence

Which statement regarding STRs is true?

All humans have the same type of STRs

When an animal is injected with an antigen, the animal will respond by producing:

Polyclonal antibodies

Presumptive blood test using phenolphthalein and

hydrogen peroxide. If blood is present, it indicator immediately turns pink

Kastle-Meyers

Ninhydrin is used on a latent print to detect:

Protein material

Which weapon would create cast-off patterns consisting of small droplets in a linear pattern?

Knife

A human head hair is best characterized by:

A medulla that is absent or is less than 1/3 the overall diameter of the hair shaft.

Which would produce “fingerprints" of the fibers?

Infrared spectrophotometry

Which of the following types of fingerprints are visible, such as a bloody palm print on a window pane?

Patent

Prints impressed in a bar of soap are referred to as

Plastic

The central canal running through many hairs is known as the:

Medulla

Under which circumstances have two people been found to have identical fingerprints?

None of the above

The intersection of straight lines through the long axis of several individual bloodstains in an impact spatter pattern illustrates the ______ of the pattern.

Area of convergence

Nuclear DNA typing can be most successfully

accomplished on hairs that have been removed during which stage of growth?

Anagenic

What must a medical examiner possess?

Medical degree

Evidence of tampering with the position of a body after death can be obtained by evaluating the:

Livor mortis

A blood droplet deposited at an angle of impact of about 90° (directly vertical to the surface) will:

Be approximately circular in shape.

Which chemical treatment produces a white-appearing latent print?

Superglue fuming

The pointed end of a bloodstain always faces:

Its direction of travel.

What are the two primary mechanisms of tissue damage due to bullets?

Tissue crush and Temporary Cavitation

Compared to bullet exit wounds, Entrance wounds are typically _____ exit wounds

Smaller than

How does a Halon help with fire suppression?

Interrupts the chemical chain reaction

Generally, the gauge of a shotgun is _____ to the diameter of its barrel.

Directly related

Distinctive markings of shells and cartridges can be made by the:

All of the above

Which type of firearm places the ammunition directly into the chamber without having to put it down the barrel?

Breech-loading

The distribution of gunpowder particles and other discharge residues around a bullet hole permits:

Determination of the distance from which the gun was fired.

True or False: Wavelengths of emission lines are at the same wavelengths of absorption lines

True

From what substance is heroin derived?

Morphine

Comparing areas under the curve of a GC gives _____ of the compound

relative amounts

What is a thread, rope, or cord used in a homicide?

Ligature

What is the amount of energy released on burning?

Hear if combustion

What describes how an organism's body acts on a drug?

Pharmacokinetics