Japanese 8

ね

Root (of a plant, of a tooth, hair, of evil, etc.)

せんぷうき

Electric fan

しょうひん

1) Goods; merchandise; commodity (similar to せいひん but しょうひん refers to goods from a buyers perspective)

2) Prize; trophy

しもん

Fingerprint

とりかえる

To exchange; to swap; to replace (transitive)

ゆうこう

Valid; effective

け

1) Fur; wool; hair (really only referring to body hair or animal hair)

2) Suffix after a surname to mean “family/house.” So like スミスけ means the smith family

こす

1) to cross; to pass over; to go across (yami wo kosu)

2) To pass time (used for enduring or passing a certain period of time, often a significant period of time like a season or the new year) : fuyu wo kosu to pass the winter

3) To surpass; to be better than; to exceed (yonjyuu wo kosu he exceeds 40 years old)

4) To move house (kare ga kinjyo ni kosu he moves into the neighborhood)

** apart from moving houses, こえる is interchangeable and actually more common than こす

つかまる

1) To be caught; to be arrested

2) To hold on to; to grasp (this refers to grasping something in order to stabilize or support oneself and has the implication of a strong grasp) (ki ni tsukamatta i held onto the tree) (either to climb it or stop from falling)

かし

1) Loan; lending

2) Sweets; candy

3) Oak (evergreen oak)

4) Song Lyrics

ひつようとする

To need; to require; to call for

しょうにん

1) Approval; consent; acknowledgement

2) Merchant; trader

3) Witness

とりかかる

To begin (doing); to start; to get down to (intransitive)

けんちく

Construction; Architecture (of buildings)

けつぼう

deficiency; insufficiency; shortage

とりほうだい

As much as one can take or carry away

This word centers on the acquisition or possession of something without limit, which DOES require physical removal for the most part. ALTHOUGH, it does have a digital form where it can be used for like “all you can (download)” and so forth

やかた

Mansion; grand house (historical buildings exclusively) (though A speaker might use yakata to metaphorically describe a particularly opulent modern house, to imply it is as grand as a medieval lord's manor. This would be a non-standard use and might sound odd or overly dramatic to native speakers.)

ざんしん

Innovative; novel; original

うばう

To take (by force); to rob (someone) of; to snatch

イラスト

Illustration

てんかい

1) Development; expansion; unfolding; (plot) twist.

This refers to something spreading out, progressing, or evolving. That could be how a story unfolds, the tenkai of a landscape (how it spreads out). (Below)

2) Expansion; spreading out; deployment

ざつだん

Chatting; idle talk

ぜんかい

1) Last time; previous installment

2) Full recovery

けんぜん

Healthy; sound; wholesome

のりものよい

Motion sickness; car sick

しょうかん

Summons (either a legal summons or summoning a spirit)

やぎ

Goat

わら

(Agriculture) straw

ひたん

Grief; sorrow; anguish

かいか

Downstairs

かちあう

To clash; to collide; to coincide to meet by chance

This refers to things interfering with one another. Like きかくと祭りがまちあった=the plan and the festival coincided/overlapped with one another

Or イギリスでスミスけとかちあった = I ran into the Smitj family in the UK

つらくあたる

To treat badly

ついらく

Crash (of an aircraft)

まぬけ

Stupid; foolish (na adj)

ぶんしん

Other self; alter ego

らっぱ

Trumpet

しかい

1) Visual field; visibility; view

2) Dentist

かんさつ

Observation; watching

いったん

1) For a short time; for now; for the time being

2) Once

3) A small part; a fragment

This definition is used in a more abstract sense like 彼が亡くなった責任のいったんは私に有ります。

かよわい

Weak; delicate; frail

よわい is a more broad term, かよわい elicits an idea that the thing in question is vulnerable like an infant

しっそう

Disappearance; running away; going missing

ていき

1) Raising (a question); posing (a problem); bringing up (an issue)

More of a formal usage and not for informal everyday life conversation.

もんだいをていきする to raise a problem

2) Regular; periodic.

This term is used when referring to something that occurs at fixed intervals. Very commonly seen in compound words for events or services occurring at fixed intervals

ひきかえす

To go back; to turn back; to retrace one’s steps (intransitive)

みなおす

1) To look at again; to re-examine (a policy, plan, etc.); to review

2) To see in a better light; to get a better opinion of

Transitive

What is the verb used to describe the taking of time?

かかる

[Duration of time] + が + かかる (が VERY commonly omitted)

20年ぐらいかかります it will take about 20 years

The が may be used when you REALLY want to emphasize that the time you mentioned is specifically that time, no room for moving around

ごじ

Typo

てにいれる

To obtain; to get; to procure

ようけん

Business; things to be done; information that should be conveyed