Part 1: Narcotic Analgesics

What are narcotic Analgesics

Opioids drugs that reduce pain w/o produing unconsciousness

• create a sense of relaxation and sleep, but at high doses can lead ot coma and deaht

• produce feelings of euphoria or dysphoria which is a state of unease

What is opium from

the poppy plant

Main active ingridient in the poppy plant

Morphine, which is a scheudle 2 drug meaning it can be prescribed.

Also contains codeine, thebaine, and narcotine

What is codeine scheuled as

schedule 5 as it has less side effects and can be prescirbed as a cough suppresant

When are most metabolites of opioids excreted by the urine?

24 horus

How is heroin made

By adding 2 acetly groups to morphine, making it ore lipid soluble and therefore more potent than morphien when given via IV as it can reach the brain more quickly and esaily pass the BBB

What does the brain turn heroin into

morphine

what scheudle is heroin

1

What are the effects of opioids on the CNS based on?

Dose and rate of absorption

What is the effects of opioids at low to moderate doses vs high vs the highest doses

low to moderate: pain relief, constricted pupils, drowsiness, inability to concentrate, dreamy sleep

high: abnormal state of elation/euphoria “kick” “bang” “rush”

highest: unconsciousness, decrease body temp, decrease BP, and respiratory failure

what area of the brain do opioids effect which allow them to hep with GI movement

area postrema in the brainstem which is not protected by the BBB

What are the three natural narcotics that come from opium

morphine, codeine, thebaine

what are the two main semisynthetic narcotics

heroin and oxycodone

what is an example of a totally synthetic narcotic

fentanyl

what are the kinds of opioids that naturally occur in our bodies

Endogenous opioids which include endorphins