Module 2: Language Structure Flashcards

Vocabulary terms and definitions covering the structure of English and Stephen Krashen's language acquisition hypotheses.

Language Acquisition

An unconscious, implicit, informal, natural, unstructured, and not systematic process used to learn a first language.

Language Learning

A conscious, explicit, formal, unnatural, structured, and systematic way of learning a certain language.

Stephen D. Krashen

The researcher who developed the Five Hypotheses on Second Language Acquisition, including the distinction between acquisition and learning.

Natural Approach (Macro Skills)

The sequence followed by a toddler to learn communication skills: first listening (input), then speaking (output), then reading (input), and ultimately writing (output).

Natural Order Hypothesis

The hypothesis developed by Stephen D. Krashen which argues that the acquisition of grammatical structures proceeds in a predictable order.

Linguistics

Commonly known as the science of language; a body of knowledge that deals with the study of language.

Phonetics

The study of the inventory and structure of the individual sounds of the language.

Phonology

The study of the component of grammar made up of the categories and principles that determine how sounds pattern in a language.

Morphology

The study that deals with the internal structure of words.

Syntax

The study of the system of rules and categories that allows words to be combined to form sentences.

Semantics

The study of meaning in human language.

Pragmatics

The study of the practicality of language use.

Natural order of learning language structure

The sequence starting from phonetics, then phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, and ultimately pragmatics.