Blood Flow and the Control of Blood Pressure

Flashcards about blood flow and control of blood pressure.

Vasopressin

Vasoconstriction

Angiotensin II

Vasoconstriction

Norepinephrine

Vasoconstriction through alpha receptors

Epinephrine

Vasodilation through beta 2 receptors

Nitric oxide

Local vasodilator released from endothelium

Bradykinin

Vasodilator

Adenosine

Vasodilator

Low level of oxygen

Trigger dilatation of blood vessels

High level of carbon dioxide

Trigger dilatation of blood vessels

High level of acid (hydrogen)

Trigger dilatation of blood vessels

High level of potassium

Trigger dilatation of blood vessels

Histamine

Vasodilator released during allergic reactions

Natriuretic peptides

Peptides that cause sodium to be released in the urine, leading to water loss and lower blood pressure

ANP (Atrial Natriuretic Peptide)

Natriuretic peptide from the atria of the heart

BNP (Brain Natriuretic Peptides)

Natriuretic peptides from the brain

Hyperemia

Too much blood flow.

Active Hyperemia

Excess blood supply to a tissue due to increased metabolic activity.

Reactive Hyperemia

Increased blood supply to a tissue after a temporary obstruction is removed.

Cardiovascular Control Center

Located in the medulla oblongata, it receives signals from baroreceptors and controls cardiovascular function.

Baroreceptors

Detect pressure changes in the carotid artery and aorta and report them to the cardiovascular center.

Bulk Flow

The mass movement of fluid across capillary walls due to hydrostatic and osmotic pressure.

Absorption in Capillaries

Fluid movement into the capillaries, mainly at the venous end, due to colloid osmotic pressure.

Filtration in Capillaries

Fluid movement out of the capillaries, mainly at the arterial end, due to hydrostatic pressure.

Lymphatic System

Returns the fluid and proteins to the circulatory system.

Albumin

Non-penetrating large plasma proteins that generate osmotic, oncotic, and colloid pressure, ensuring the backward movement of fluid into the capillaries.

Edema

Excess amount of fluid in the interstitial compartment surrounding the cells.

Atherosclerosis

Hardening of the blood vessels due to the accumulation of fat and the formation of plaques.

Hypertension

A disease of high blood pressure.

Essential Hypertension

Hypertension with no clear cause.

Secondary Hypertension

Hypertension caused by an underlying condition that can be fixed.

High density lipoprotein

Healthy cholesterol

Low density lipoprotein

Bad cholesterol