Spartan Clash - Reviewer (SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY)

What is the fundamental branch of physics that describes the behavior of particles on atomic and subatomic scales?

Quantum Mechanics

What process induces an electric current in a conductor due to a changing magnetic field?

Electromagnetic Induction

What theory describes the relationship between space and time for objects moving at high speeds?

Special Relativity

What thermodynamic function predicts whether a chemical reaction will occur spontaneously?

Gibbs Free Energy

What is the tendency of a system to return to equilibrium after a disturbance?

Stability

What upward force opposes the weight of an object submerged in fluid?

Buoyancy

What is the minimum energy required for reactants to undergo a chemical transformation?

Activation Energy

What is the spontaneous movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration?

Diffusion

What type of bond is formed when two atoms share electron pairs?

Covalent Bond

What state of matter consists of free-moving electrons and ions?

Plasma

What is the movement of water molecules across a semipermeable membrane called?

Osmosis

What are atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons called?

Isotopes

What principle states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction?

Newton's Third Law

What is the change in frequency or wavelength of a wave relative to an observer called?

Doppler Effect

What region in space has gravitational forces so strong that nothing can escape?

Black Hole

What branch of physics deals with heat, energy, and work?

Thermodynamics

What chemical process involves monomers combining to form larger structures?

Polymerization

What is the term for the unknown form of matter that makes up most of the universe’s mass?

Dark Matter

What is the time required for half of a radioactive substance to decay?

Half-Life

What is the amount of energy required to remove an electron from an atom called?

Ionization Energy

What principle states that a system at equilibrium will shift in response to changes?

Le Chatelier's Principle

What law states that current through a conductor is directly proportional to voltage and inversely proportional to resistance?

Ohm's Law

What phenomenon describes the increase in wavelength of light from objects moving away?

Redshift

What biochemical process converts light energy into chemical energy in plants?

Photosynthesis

What electrical component stores energy in an electric field?

Capacitor

What metabolic process breaks down carbohydrates anaerobically to produce energy?

Fermentation

What chemical process involves ion exchange between a solid medium and a solution?

Ion Exchange

What is the final stage of cell division called when the cytoplasm splits?

Cytokinesis

What is a neurotransmitter key to the brain's reward system and mood regulation?

Dopamine

What is the production and emission of light by living organisms called?

Bioluminescence

What protein is produced by the immune system to neutralize foreign substances?

Antibody

What mixture of elements improves mechanical properties such as strength?

Alloy

What measure relates to the force causing rotation around an axis?

Torque

What gene-editing technology allows precise modifications to DNA sequences?

CRISPR

What are the outermost electrons of an atom, involved in bonding?

Valence Electrons

What science manipulates matter at the molecular and atomic scale?

Nanotechnology

What is the heat energy needed to raise one gram of a substance by one degree Celsius?

Specific Heat Capacity

What safety device stops the flow of electricity in case of an overload?

Circuit Breaker

What is the process of creating genetically identical copies of organisms called?

Cloning

What are energy waves traveling through the Earth due to geological events?

Seismic Waves

What practice involves protecting computer systems from cyber threats?

Cybersecurity

What development involves computers performing tasks requiring human intelligence?

Artificial Intelligence (AI)

What is a type of resistor whose resistance varies with temperature?

Thermistor

What technology enables remote data storage and management over the internet?

Cloud Computing

What quantum state of matter allows fluid flow with zero viscosity?

Superfluidity

What is the brain's ability to reorganize neural connections called?

Neuroplasticity

What weightless condition is experienced in free fall in space?

Microgravity

What type of algebra operates on binary values and is fundamental in computing?

Boolean Logic

What study examines heritable changes in gene expression without DNA sequence alterations?

Epigenetics

What is the energy an object has due to its motion called?

Kinetic Energy

What decentralized ledger technology records transactions securely?

Blockchain

What is the unit measuring the number of cycles per second in a wave?

Hertz (Hz)

What bending of light occurs when it passes into another medium?

Refraction

What interdisciplinary study involves communication in living organisms, machines, and systems?

Cybernetics

What fossilization process preserves organic material?

Fossilization

What phenomenon occurs with compounds having the same formula but different structures?

Isomerism

What chaotic fluid flow is characterized by rapid pressure and velocity changes?

Turbulence

What semiconductor device amplifies or switches electronic signals?

Transistor

What is the highly energetic astronomical object powered by a supermassive black hole?

Quasar

What microscopic infectious agent replicates inside living host cells?

Virus

What technology uses 3D printing to create biological tissues and organs?

Bioprinting

What is the ability of a material to allow fluids to pass through it called?

Permeability

What phenomenon involves the spontaneous emission of particles from an unstable nucleus?

Radioactivity

What field around a charged particle exerts electric force on other charges?

Electric Field

What is the fundamental particle of light carrying electromagnetic energy?

Photon

What measure represents disorder in a system according to thermodynamics?

Entropy

What process speeds up a chemical reaction without being consumed?

Catalysis

What is a circular DNA molecule in bacteria carrying resistance genes?

Plasmid

What repetitive motion around an equilibrium point is important in various fields?

Oscillation

What hypothetical process involves modifying a planet's environment for human life?

Terraforming

What is the type of chemical bond formed by sharing electron pairs?

Covalent Bond

What change in frequency occurs when the source and observer move relative to each other?

Doppler Effect

What process involves a loss of electrons, often gaining oxygen?

Oxidation

What technology overlays digital information onto the real world?

Augmented Reality (AR)

What chemical reaction links monomers to form polymers?

Polymerization

What measure of an atom’s ability to attract electrons is important in chemical bonding?

Electronegativity

What ability allows organisms to maintain stable internal conditions?

Homeostasis

What technique creates 3D images using laser interference and diffraction?

Holography

What material has electrical conductivity between a conductor and insulator?

Semiconductor

What large sections of Earth's lithosphere move due to mantle convection?

Tectonic Plates

What is a step-by-step set of rules for problem-solving in computing?

Algorithm

What phenomenon occurs when sound waves reinforce certain frequencies?

Acoustic Resonance

What molecule has both positive and negative charges but is overall neutral?

Zwitterion

What phenomenon links particles to influence each other regardless of distance?

Quantum Entanglement

What reaction involves water breaking a bond in a compound?

Hydrolysis

What nuclear reaction splits a heavy nucleus into smaller nuclei?

Fission

What system interacts physical components with computational elements?

Cyber-Physical System

What branch of physics studies materials at extremely low temperatures?

Cryogenics

What quantum effect allows particles to cross energy barriers they shouldn't be able to?

Quantum Tunneling

What laboratory technique separates charged molecules based on size and charge?

Electrophoresis

What astronomical model places the Sun at the center of the solar system?

Heliocentrism

What bond is formed through the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions?

Ionic Bond

What theoretical computing model simulates any algorithm with simple rules?

Turing Machine

What junction transmits signals between nerve cells?

Synapse

What process captures and stores carbon dioxide emissions?

Carbon Capture

What field involves designing machines to perform tasks autonomously?

Robotics

What term describes isotopes with different neutron numbers?

Isotope

What membrane protein moves protons across a membrane, vital for energy conversion?

Proton Pump

What energy measure raises the temperature of a substance by a given amount?

Heat Capacity

What subset of AI enables computers to learn from data and make predictions?

Machine Learning