IELTS Speaking

psyched

to be excited

anecdotal evidence

random, неподтвержденный

virtue

добродетель

pattern together

штуки собираются вместе и как-то там есть какая-то закономерность

be deprived of

You can't function properly when you're … of sleep.

It is very damaging to … a child of affection.

prevent something they need

Fragmented attention

a state where an individual's focus is divided across multiple tasks, stimuli, or sources of information, leading to decreased overall attention and efficiency.

spare

free, like it is available to use because it is extra;

… time

vicious cycle/circle

a continuing unpleasant situation, created when one problem causes another problem that then makes the first problem worse;

порочный круг

chariot

колесница

noble

moral in an honest, brave, and kind way:

a … gesture

a … cause

belonging to a high social rank in a society, especially by birth:

a … family

temptation

the wish to do or have something that you know you should not do or have:

acquire

to get or obtain something:

spur

motivation, encouragement

also might be a verb

morbidity

how many people have diseases

ward something/someone off

to prevent someone or something unpleasant from harming or coming close to you:

negatively/positively inclined

a person has negative/positive attitude to you

meaningful relationships

close, emotionally valuable relationships

mental health toolkit

strategies and techniques to support mental health

rewire your brain for joy

train your mind to think more positively over time

fall into the arrival fallacy

believe that you will be happy once you reach a certain goal

prioritize what really matters

focus on most important values or people in life

reframe your emotions

change how you think about your feelings to respond better

cultivate positive habits

build routines that support mental health

emotional well-being

the state of feeling emotionally balanced and mentally healthy

misguided pursuit of happiness

trying to achieve happiness using wrong ways

hedonic treadmill

cycle of wanting more but never being satisfied

abundance

vernacular

using the form of a language that a particular group of speakers use naturally, especially in informal situations:

incarcerate

заключить (в тюрьму)

correctional facility

исправительное учреждение

overcrowded jail cells

перенаселенные тюремные камеры

rehabilitate offenders

реабилитировать преступника

reintegrate into society

реинтегрировать в общество

fails to serve justice

не может служить правосудию

convicted felon

a person found guilty, осужденный преступник

minor offense

small crime

non-carceral solutions

punishments other then jail, наказания кроме заключения

solitary confinement

isolation in prison

generational impact

effect on future families

disenfrenchasement

losing the right to vote (дисэнфранчáйзмент)

parole board

комиссия по условно-досрочному освобождению

pose a threat to society

be dangerous

conditional discharge

a type of sentence where an offender is released without a conviction, provided they comply with specific conditions, often including a period of probation.

custodial sentence

приговор к лишению свободы

deterrence to crime

сдерживание преступности

pre-trial detention

предварительное заключение

inmate behaviour

поведение заключенного

serve a sentence

отбывать наказание

White-collar crime

financially motivated, nonviolent crimes typically committed by business and government professionals