Human Anatomy - Axial and Appendicular Muscles Flashcards

A comprehensive vocabulary flashcard set covering axial and appendicular muscles, including facial muscles, muscles of mastication, neck, back, pelvic floor, upper limb, and lower limb anatomy based on the lecture notes.

Sternocleidomastoid

A neck muscle that originates on the sternum and clavicle and inserts into the mastoid process, pulling the mastoid process closer to its origins.

Extrinsic Muscles of the Tongue

Muscles that originate on bone and insert into the tongue, including the Genioglossus (origin: genial tubercles of mandible), Styloglossus, and Hyoglossus.

Muscles of Mastication

A group of four muscles responsible for chewing, consisting of the Masseter, Temporalis, Medial pterygoid, and Lateral pterygoid.

Lateral Pterygoid

The single muscle of mastication that plays a role in jaw depression.

Erector Spinae

A deep back muscle group composed of the Spinalis, Longissimus, and Iliocostalis, whose primary collective action is extension of the spine.

Quadratus Lumborum

A posterior trunk muscle whose unilateral contraction contributes to lateral flexion of the spine.

Scalene Muscles

Deep cervical muscles located in the neck that elevate the upper ribs during forced inspiration and flex/rotate the neck.

Abdominal Muscle Layers

The anterolateral abdominal wall muscle layers consisting of the External Oblique, Internal Oblique, Transversus Abdominis, and Rectus Abdominis.

Pelvic Floor Muscles

Muscles forming the pelvic diaphragm, primarily made up of the Levator Ani and Coccygeus muscles.

Rotator Cuff Muscles (SITS)

A group of four scapular muscles that stabilize the shoulder joint: Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Teres Minor, and Subscapularis.

Anterior Forearm Flexor Layers

Forearm flexor compartment organized into superficial (Flexor carpi radialis, Flexor carpi ulnaris), middle (Flexor digitorum superficialis), and deep layers (Flexor digitorum profundus, Flexor pollicis longus).

Posterior Forearm Extensor Layers

Forearm extensor compartment organized into superficial (Extensor carpi radialis longus & brevis, Extensor digitorum, Extensor carpi ulnaris, Brachioradialis) and deep layers (Supinator).

Thenar Region

The palmar muscle region at the base of the hand associated with the thumb (1st digit).

Hypothenar Region

The palmar muscle region at the base of the hand associated with the 5th digit (pinky finger).

Intrinsic Hand Muscles

Muscles originating and inserting entirely within the hand, including the Lumbricals, Dorsal Interossei, and Palmar Interossei.

Hamstring Muscle Group

A posterior thigh muscle group crossing both the hip and knee joints, performing hip extension and knee flexion.

Multi-Joint Muscles of Anterior Thigh

Muscles in the anterior thigh region that cross both the hip and knee joints, including Tensor Fasciae Latae, Sartorius, and Rectus Femoris.

Tibialis Anterior and Tibialis Posterior Relationship

They are synergistic in performing inversion of the foot, but antagonistic at the ankle joint because Tibialis Anterior dorsiflexes the foot while Tibialis Posterior plantarflexes it.

Fibularis Longus and Fibularis Brevis Relationship

Lateral leg muscles that act synergistically to evert and plantarflex the foot at the ankle joint.

Gastrocnemius

A posterior leg muscle that crosses two joints, performing plantar flexion at the ankle joint and flexion at the knee joint.

Biceps Curl Movement Analysis

Forearm flexion driven by Biceps brachii and Brachialis, crossing the elbow joint (and shoulder for biceps brachii) to move the radius and ulna.

Bicycle Pedaling - Thigh Extension Analysis

Extension of the thigh driven by the Gluteus Maximus, crossing the hip (femoroacetabular) joint and moving the femur.

Bicycle Pedaling - Knee Extension Analysis

Extension of the knee driven by the Quadriceps muscle group, crossing the hip and knee joints to move the tibia.