history roots of democracy

The rule of law:

the government and people must follow laws.

Individual Rights:

everyone has rights that protects them.

Limited Government

the government can’t go beyond the power they have been given.

Due Process of Law:

the government must be fair and act within reason.

Consent of the Governed

the government reflects what the people want.

2. Socrates

Socratic method: Contributed to individuals thinking for themselves using their own reason.

3. Plato

Student of Socrates, interested in good government 

Aristotle

Student of Plato, interested in analyzing and classifying things through observation and investigation.

Plato's The Republic (know main argument of work)

Ideal state: 3 groups: philosophers rule, warriors protect, masses create

Aristotle's Politics (know main argument' of work)

3 good forms of govt: monarchy, aristocracy, constitutional.

Pericles-how did he expand democracy?

Allowed poor people to participate.

Cleisthenes-how did he expand democracy?

Increased power of assembly, allowed citizens to present laws

Importance of Code of Justinian

Roman law system used through Western Europe.

Rome's influence on government and democracy

Established “ government of laws not men” led to accountability for everyone

3 Branches of US Govt. (name them, know functions)

1: legislative makes laws

2. Executive enforces laws.

3. Judicial interprets laws.

Monarchy

Inherited: 1 ruler king

Constitutional Monarchy

Monarchy controlled by laws

Absolute Monarchy

Monarchy only controlled by king

Democracy

Power to the people

Direct Democracy

Regular people directly working in govnt.

Representative Democracy

A representative of the people working in govnt.

Oligarchy

By force/ inherited: a few people rule

Aristocracy

Inherited: ruled by nobles/ wealthy land owners

Absolute rule

1 ruler controls everything

Dictatorship

By force: 1 dictator ruler

Judaism

Hebrew: people are responsible for their actions. Spread by immigrants

Christianity

Jesus: all humans are born equal, spread by apostle paul

Divine Right

Power given by god to monarchs

Petition of Right

Petition to King Charles to end:

Taxing without consent, imprisoning citizens illegally,housing troops in homes, and military during peacetime 

Habeas Corpus

Admenment that kept authorities from wrongfully arresting a person.

Common Law

Customs and principles established, basis of the legal system in English countries.

Glorious Revolution

Parliament offered the throne to Mary and William to limit monarch power.

Reformation

Calling out the rule of the church and asking for reform.

Ten Commandments

Code of law in christianity about ethic and morals

English Bill of Rights

Rights and liberties to all, also limits power of the monarchy. Giving more power to parliament

Magna Carta

63 clauses to king John putting limits on the monarch power. Such as taxes cannot be placed on citizens  without consent.

William and Mary

Mary daughter of James the 2nd married to William king of the Netherlands,