Art Fundamentals: Theory and Practice- 12th Edition: Ch. 5 Value

Achromatic Value

Relating to differences of lightness and darkness; WITHOUT regard for hue and intensity.

Cast Shadow

The dark area that occurs on a surface as a result of something being placed between that surface and a light source.

Chiaroscuro

1. Distribution of lights and darks in a picture, usually in an attempt to develop the illusion of mass, volume or space. 2. A technique of representation that blends light and shade gradually to create the illusion of three-dimensional objects in space or atmosphere

Chromatic Value

The value (relative degree of lightness or darkness) demonstrated by (WITH regard for) a given color.

Closed-Value Composition

A composition in which values are contained within the edges or boundaries of shapes. The value pattern reveals the subject(s) and is dependent upon the positioning of the subject(s).

Decorative (Value)

Ornamenting or enriching but, more importantly in art, stressing the two-dimensional nature of an artwork or any of its elements. _______________ emphasizes the essential flatness of a surface.

High-Key Value

A value that has a level of middle gray or lighter.

Highlight

The portion of an object that, from the observer's position, receives the greatest amount of direct light.

Local Value

The relative lightness and darkness of a surface, seen in the objective world, that is independent of any effect created by the degree of light falling on it.

Low-Key Value

Any value that has a level of middle gray or darker.

Open-Value Composition

A composition in which values are not limited by the edges of shapes and therefore flow across shape boundaries into adjoining areas. The value pattern created is unrelated to the location of the subject(s).

Plastic

Value used to create the illusion of volume and space.

Sfumato

A technique devised by Leonardo da Vinci of softly blending areas from light to dark, creating subtle transitions. Images often have vague outlines and a hazy or smoky appearance. ______________ is derived from the Latin word meaning "smoke." Leonardo described _______________ as "without lines or borders, in the manner of smoke beyond the focus plane."

Shadow

The darker value on the surface of an object that gives the illusion that a portion of it is turned away from or obscured by the source of light.

Shallow Space

The illusion of limited depth. With _______________, the imagery moves only a slight distance back from the picture plane.

Silhouette

The area between or bounded by the contours, or edges, of an object as defined by a contrast value; the total shape.

Tenebrism

A technique of painting that EXAGGERATES or EMPHASIZES the effects of chiaroscuro. Larger amounts of dark value are placed close to smaller areas of highly contrasting lights, which change SUDDENLY, in order to concentrate attention on important features.

Value

1. The relative degree of lightness or darkness. 2. The characteristic of color determined by the degree of lightness or darkness or the quantity of light reflected by the color.

Value Pattern

The arrangement or organization of values that control compositional movement and create a unifying effect throughout a work of art.