Adrenal Cortex and Medulla Hormones

What is aldosterone and what does it do?

• Aldosterone is a steroid hormone (mineralocorticoid) produced by the zona glomerulosa (outer cortex of adrenal gland).

• It regulates sodium and potassium balance by signaling kidneys to reabsorb sodium and excrete potassium.

• Helps maintain blood pressure.

What is cortisol and what does it do?

• Cortisol is a steroid hormone (glucocorticoid) produced by the zona fasciculata (middle cortex of the adrenal gland).

• It helps the body respond to stress, increases blood glucose, reduces inflammation, and regulates metabolism.

What is epinephrine and what does it do?

• Epinephrine is an amino acid–based catecholamine hormone produced by chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla.

• It activates the fight-or-flight response by increasing heart rate, blood pressure, and blood sugar levels.

What is norepinephrine and what does it do?

• Norepinephrine is an amino acid–based catecholamine from the adrenal medulla.

• It supports the fight-or-flight response by mainly constricting blood vessels to raise blood pressure.