Patient Care Test #2 (HIPAA, Vital Signs, PPE, Diabetes, Hemoglobin A1C)

What does HIPAA stand for?

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act

Why was HIPAA created?

To bring balance between:

• Improving flow of Information 

• Protecting the Privacy of Patients

How/When/Why was HIPAA created?

• By Bill Clinton in 1996

• To help more Americans gain health insurance coverage

• Ensure employees would not lose health insurance when switching jobs

What does HIPAA allow the Dept. of Health and Human services do?

To set standards for:

• the safeguarding of identifiable health information 

• increase the efficiency and effectiveness of the healthcare industry as a whole.

Health care related confidentiality dates back to …

The Hippocratic Oath

Your PHI is kept confidential for how many years after you die?

50 years

5 basic rules of HIPAA

(1)Privacy Rule, (2)The Security Rule, (3)The Transaction Rule, (4)The Identifiers Rule, (5)The Enforcement Rule

What is the first rule of HIPAA?

Privacy Rule':

• Protects the PHI and medical records of individuals

What is the second rule of HIPAA?

The Security Rule:

• defines and regulates the standards, methods, and procedures related to the protection of electronic PHI on storage, accessibility, and transmission.

What is the third rule of HIPAA?

The Transaction Rule:

• regulates data transmission specifications that govern how data is electronically transferred from one computer to another.

• The rule defines the types of electronic transactions subject to HIPAA, and specifies the exact format for each transaction record. 

What is the fourth rule of HIPAA?

The Identifiers Rule:

• requires all healthcare entities, including individuals, employers, health plans and healthcare providers, to have a unique 10-digit National Provider Identifier number.

What is the fifth rule of HIPAA?

The Enforcement Rule:

• establishes guidelines for investigations into HIPAA compliance violations.

What is PHI?

Protective Health Information:

• in medical records as well as conversations between healthcare staff such as Doctors and Nurses regarding patient treatment.

• PHI also includes billing info and any info that could be used to identify an individual in a health insurance company's records. 

Where can PHI be found?

• Medical Documents and Forms 

• Records of Communication 

• Prescriptions

• Doctor/Clinic Appointments

• Blood Tests

• MRI/X-RAY results

• Billing Info

What are Minor Consent Laws

Those 12 and older can consent to certain services without parent or guardian involvement. 

• Minors may consent to certain services related to sexual & reproductive health, mental health, and drug and alcohol treatment. – California Law

7 Patient Rights

1. Receive a copy of an agency’s privacy practices.

2. Know that an agency will use its PHI ONLY for treatment, payment, operations, and certain other permitted uses as required by law

3. Control the use and disclosure of their PHI.

4. Have access to a copy of their PHI

5. Request amendment or addendum to their PHI  

6. Receive records of disclosures (times when PHI was given out

7. File a privacy complaints to an agency officer

Internal bleed

• Internal Bleeding or a Hemorrhage occurs when blood vessels burst or break and blood collects inside the body

Sleep Apnea

• Sleep apnea is a potentially serious sleep disorder accompanied by labored breathing 

Pneumonia 

• Pneumonia is an infection of the lungs that leads to inflammation of the alveoli(air sacs for gas exchange) in one or both lungs. . 

Dehydration

• Dehydration occurs when the body uses or loses more fluids then it takes in.

Heat Exhaustion

• Heat Exhaustion is a condition that occurs when the body overheats due to being exposed to high temperature. 

Rales

• Abnormal Lung sounds characterized by discontinuous clicking or rattling sounds. 

Cheyne-Stokes

• A breathing disorder characterized by cyclical episodes of apnea and hyperventilation. 

Bounding

• A bounding pulse involves a person feeling their heart beating harder or more vigorously than usual. Could be indicative of a stroke or other cardiovascular events.

• 3+

Threading

• A threading pulse characterizes a type of pulse weaker than normal. 

• A scarcely perceptible and commonly rapid pulse that feels like a fine mobile thread under a palpating finger. 

• 1+

Calculation for BMI

(Weight(lbs)/Height(in)² ) x 703

Celsius to fahrenheit 

x 9/5 + 32 

Fahrenheit to Celsius 

x 5/9 - 32

Lbs to Kg

x/2.2

Inches to centimeters

/2.54

Standard Precautions

• Apply to All

PPE

Personal Protective Equipment

What is the purpose of PPE

• Breaking the Portal of Entry link in the chain of infection

• Breaks Mode of Transmission from patient to patient

Order to don PPE

Gown, Mask or Respirator, Goggles or Face Shield, Gloves

Order to Doff PPE

Gloves, Gown, Mask or Respirator, Goggles or Face Shield 

PPE for Contact Precautions 

Gown, Gloves, Standard Precautions 

PPE for Droplet Precautions

Goggles or Face Shield. Mask, Gloves when handling contaminated materials in patients room. 

PPE for Airborne

Goggles or Face Shield, N95 Mask or Respirator, or PAPR, Gloves