Reproductive System Study Guide

These flashcards cover key concepts related to the structure, function, and pathology of the reproductive system.

Testes

Produce sperm and testosterone; located in scrotum within seminiferous tubules.

Spermatic Cord

Contains vas deferens, blood vessels, and nerves; supports testicular function.

Prostate Gland

Surrounds urethra; secretes fluid that nourishes sperm and enhances motility.

GnRH

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone; stimulates LH and FSH release from the pituitary gland.

LH (Luteinizing Hormone)

Stimulates Leydig cells to produce testosterone.

FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone)

Promotes spermatogenesis in Sertoli cells.

Hypospadias

Urethra opens on underside of penis; causes abnormal stream and infertility risk.

Cryptorchidism

Undescended testes; decreased sperm production and cancer risk.

Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy (BPH)

Age-related hormonal imbalance causing prostate growth and urethral compression.

Prostate Cancer

Asymmetrical cancer located in posterior lobe that metastasizes to bones and lymph nodes.

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)

Infection spread between tubes and ovaries leading to infertility and ectopic pregnancy.

Endometrium

Inner lining of the uterus that thickens for implantation.

Myometrium

Smooth muscle layer of the uterus responsible for contractions.

Perimetrium

Outer serosa layer of the uterus for protection.

Vaginal Candidiasis

Overgrowth of Candida albicans causing itching, burning, and white discharge.

Antibacterial Defenses in Females

Acidic pH, Lactobacillus flora, mucus barrier, cilia, and immune factors prevent infection.

Primary Dysmenorrhea

Painful menstruation caused by prostaglandins.

STIs (Sexually Transmitted Infections)

Infections commonly spread through sexual contact, often asymptomatic.

Acyclovir/Valacyclovir

Antivirals that inhibit HSV replication and reduce transmission.

Chancre

A painless sore associated with syphilis infection.

HSV (Herpes Simplex Virus)

Virus that causes painful vesicles; HSV-2 is specifically associated with genital infections.