Apes Chapter 3/4

ITCZ

latitude that receives the most sunlight, causes branches of Hadley cells to converge.

Detritivores

An organism that breaks down dead tissues /waste into particles.

Resistance

measure of how much a disturbance can affect flows of energy /matter in an ecosystem.

Resilience

rate at which an ecosystem can return to its original state after a disturbance.

Cellular respiration

the process by which cells unlock the energy of chemical compounds.

Chemosynthesis

process in which bacteria create energy in the ocean utilizing methane and hydrogen sulfide (H₂S)

Producers/Autotrophs

Organisms that use the energy of the sun to produce energy.

Troposphere

layer of atmosphere closest to Earth.

Littoral Zone

shallow space in lakes and ponds that receives enough sunlight to facilitate photosynthesis.

Decomposers

Fungi /bacteria that convert organic matter into molecules to recycle back through the ecosystem.

Stratosphere

lay of atmosphere above troposhere.

Scavengers

An organism that consumes dead animals.

Gross Primary Productivity (GPP)

total amount of solar energy that producers capture through photosynthesis over time.

Permafrost

impenetrable frozen layer of soil.

Gyres

________ (large- scale) Pattern of water moving clockwise in Northern- Hemisphere, counterclockwise in South Hemisphere.

Ecosystem

a particular location on earth distinguished by its particular mix on of interacting biotic and abiotic factors.

Net Primary Productivity (NPP)

energy captured by producers /energy produced by respiration.

Limnetic Zone

Deeper water in lakes and ponds that does not allow for photosynthesis.

Benthic Zone

bottom of a lake, pond, or ocean.

Ecosystem

a particular location on earth distinguished by its particular mix on of interacting biotic and abiotic factors

Producers/Autotrophs

Organisms that use the energy of the sun to produce energy

Tertiary Consumers

A carnivore that eats secondary consumers

Food Chain

Order of consumption from through tertiary consumers

Food Web

A complex model of how energy /matter moves through trophic levels

Limiting Nutrient

required for growth of organism, lower quantity present than other nutrients

Resistance

measure of how much a disturbance can affect flows of energy/matter in an ecosystem

Resilience

rate at which an ecosystem can return to its original state after a disturbance

Watershed

land in a landscape that drains into a body of water it is named after

Intermediate Disturbance Hypothesis

the phenomena in which an ecosystem that experience medium levels of disturbance are more diverse than those with high or low disturbances

Troposphere

layer of atmosphere closest to Earth

Stratosphere

lay of atmosphere above troposhere

Adiabatic Cooling

cooling effect of reduced pressure on air; rises and expands

Adiabatic Heating

heating effect of increased pressure on air; sinks and decreases in volume

Gyres (large-scale)

Pattern of water moving clockwise in Northern Hemisphere, counterclockwise in South Hemisphere

Upwelling

upward movement of oceanic water as a result of divering currents

Windward

side of the mountain facing incoming wind

Leeward

side of mountain not facing incoming wind(dry because of adiabatic heating)

Permafrost

impenetrable frozen layer of soil

Coniferous

cone-bearing

Deciduous

become dormant in winter

Profundal Zone

below limnetic, region of water in which sunlight does not hit

Benthic Zone

bottom of a lake, pond, or ocean

Coral Bleaching

the act of algae within coral dying, turning coral white

Photic Ocean

upper layer of ocean that receives light for photsynthesis

Aphotic Ocean

lower layer of ocean that does not receive light for photosynthesis

photosynthesis

The process that producers use solar energy to convert co2 into water& glucose

Primary consumer

a consumer that eats producers

secondary consumer

a carnivore that eats primary consumers