HOSA - Infection Control

Infection Control

Practice to reduce the spread of disease

Disease Transmission

Three components that must be present or disease Transmission cannot occur. Agent, Host, Mode of Transmission.

Agent

Microorganism that is capable of producing disease.

Host

The being that the microorganism infects

Mode of Transmission

How the microorganism is passed tomor gains entry into host

Pathogenicity

Ability to cause infection.

Disease Prevention

Eliminating or reducing one or more of the disease Transmission factors

Alcohol based hand rubs

Used in between hand washing

Resident Flora

Naturally occurring bacteria, that can multiply and survive easily.

Transient Flora

"Visiting" bacteria, not typically found. Transient cannot survive and multiply. These are easily removed.

Barrier protection

The use of a barrier to reduce or prevent disease Transmission.

Barrier

Anything that can be placed in between pathogen and Host.

Intact skin

Unbroken skin,the body's first line of defense against pathogens.

Flora

Bacteria collections

Rules of proper hygiene

1. Do not touch anything not needed for the procedure. 2. Keep hands away from eyes, nose, mouth, hair, face... 3. Wash hands before and after glove use

PPE

Universal Precaution. Gloves, eye protection, gowns, mask...

Surface Coverings

Plastic bags, blue tape etc... that protect commonly touched surface from soiling.

Sterilization

Reduction of microbes to safe levels, possibly zero.

Disinfection

Reduction of microbes, not necessarily to zero

HIV

human immunodeficiency virus

High level disinfection

Process that kills some but not all bacterial endospores and inactivates mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Intermediate level disinfection

Destroys vegetative bacteria and most fungi and viruses

Low level disinfection

Surfaces not contaminated with blood

Steam Autoclave

Uses steam, high temperature to eliminate bacteria and viruses. All air is sucked out, vacuum.

Dry heat autoclave

Uses high temperature to eliminate all bacteria and viruses. Like a very hot oven.

Ethylene Oxide Gas

Uses gas with and or without heat to kill or destroy bacteria and viruses.

Chemiclave

Uses chemical vapors under pressure to sterilize.

Liquid chemical sterilants

Used on items that may be damaged by high heat.

Dosage indicators

Chemical dyes that change color when exposed to steam

Process indicators

Changes color when exposed to heat of steraization

Biological monitors

Used to evaluate the effectiveness of sterilization cycle.

Goal of infection control

Stop or inhibit the spread of disease.

How do you dispose of BM results?

Sharps container and or other approved marked/ labeled receptacle.

Shelf Life

Recommended period of time during which food can be stored and remain suitable for use.

What does a Positive BM result indicate?

Process was not successful

What does a Negative BM result indicate?

Process was successful, bacteria and viruses have been destroyed.

Spray wipe spray technique

Spray the area and wipe to remove debris and soil from area. Spray the area again to kill any residual or remaining microbes.

Instrument cleaning steps/options

1. Ultrasonic cleaning or washing

2. Manual scrubbing

Hand Washing

Best practice. Use soap and water initially upon entering workplace, after using restroom, after eating, before leaving and or when soiled.

Medical History

Best way to identify infectious disease. People "lie", may forget and or may not be aware of infectious diseases so always assume every patient does and protect yourself, others and the patient.

Anticipation

the action of anticipating something; expectation or prediction.

Waste Management

The collection, transportation, and disposal of garbage, biohazard, and or other waste

Contaminated

Organisms and pathogens are present

Blood Borne Pathogens

microorganisms in human blood which can cause infection and disease in humans

Infectious Waste

Waste that is capable of transmitting an infectious disease

Infectious Agents

Microbes which can affect the cells

Hepatitis

inflammation of the liver caused by a virus or a toxin

Chemical Agents

Gases and or

Liquid used

Mercury

Hg, heavy metal that is found in amalgam and can be toxic in large amounts or prolonged exposure to large quantities.

AIDS

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

Radiation Safety

Distance, time, and shielding are principles of:

Hearing Conservation

Ear plugs

Sight Conservation

Glasses, goggles and or eye protection.

Sharps

Needles or other sharp objects.

Sharp Stick Protocol (ARC Dental Assistant applicable)

First aid, reporting, risk assessment, blood testing, prophylaxis, follow up.

Types of Gloves

Surgical/ Sterile

Standard/ "box" gloves

Never ever reuse gloves!

Masks

Thick (better protection) is worn with procedures, surgeries etc...

Thin is worn with all patient exams

Gowns

Disposable gown: procedures and daily (smocks are laundered)

Laundered gown: operative, these are only worn in operatory

Coats: are worn outside of operators only, never for use with patient care

Eye protection

Must cover eyes and have side shields. Must fit appropriately.

Who is authorized to recap and dispose of needle/sharp?

The doctor only, no exceptions.

Head Covers

Worn during all surgeries, mandatory.

Optional for all other exams and procedures.

Long needles

Lower teeth (Mandible)

Short needle

Upper teeth (Maxilla)