criminal justice exam 2

levels of police in the US

federal, state, local

responsibilities of the police

enforcing laws, providing services, preserving peace, preventing crime

example of providing services

medical assistance

example of preserving the peace

situating at a protest

example of preventing crime

working with neighborhood watch

american police based on a model from what country

england

who created this model

Robert Peel

famous peel quote

the public are the police and the police are the public

philosophy of community oriented policing

police should create relationships with the public

why is it important to have a diverse police force

public trust, integrate with the community

police arrests based on type of crime from most to least frequent

public order, property, violent

definition of bureaucracy

hierarchically structured administrative organization that carries out specific functions

characteristics of a bureaucracy

hierarchy of authority, specialization, formal rules

hierarchy of authority

ascending levels, chain of command

specialization

focus on certain responsibilities in order to develop expertise and efficiency in those tasks

police divisions

patrol, investigations, support services

functions of patrol

deter crime, maintenance of public order, 24 hr provision of services not crime related

function of investigations

long term, primarily reactive

function of support services

the business side of policing, hiring and training

types of evidence

documentary, physical, testimonial, trace

documentary evidence

anything that has a record, can be electronic, ex. notes, maps, cell phone, busted clock

physical evidence

hair, gun

testimonial evidence

verbal statements from witnessest

trace evidence

can’t be seen by naked eye ex. fingerprints

stored in CODIS

DNA

stored in AIFIS

fingerprints

how often do police use force

rarely

definition of deadly force

force that is likely to cause death or serious bodily injury

guiding amendment of deadly force

4th, force must be reasonable

what SCOTUS case established when police can use deadly force

Tennessee v. Garner

what were the additional measures of reasonable force created in SCOTUS case Graham v. Conner

seriousness of crime, whether suspect poses an imminent threat, is suspect actively resisting,

offense, threat, resisting

triage system

worst types of crimes/cases are assigned first

fruits of the poisonous doctrine

any evidence gathered as a result of an illegal search, even at a time later than the illegal search itself will be excluded from evidence

exclusionary rule

illegally obtained evidence cannot be presented in court

conditions for warrants in IN

good for 10 days, can be served at any time on any day

ways to determine probable cause

personal observation, information, evidence

examples of exigent circumstances

safety (medical emergency), destruction of evidence, fleeing felon, serious property damage

carroll doctrine

lesser expectation of privacy in our cars compared to our homes

conditions required for a plainview seizure

officer must be legally in location to see item, discovery is inadvertent, officer recognizes illegal nature of item

examples where the abandonment doctrine applies

person does not have expectation of privacy in the contents of a closed trash container placed in a public area for trash pick up

under what two conditions is the miranda warning required

custody, interrogation

miranda is derived from what two amendments

5th and 6th