Care of the patient with alterations in output: urinary

• What are kidney and urinary changes associated with aging?

• Reduced blood flow to kidneys

• Thickened glomerular and tubular basement membranes

• Decreased bladder capacity

• Tendency to retain urine

• Decreased glomerular filtration rate

• Nocturia

• Risk for dehydration

• What does serum creatine show/

Produced when muscle and other protein are broken down

• What does BUN show?

• Shows effectiveness of kidney

What does blood osmolarity show?

• Hydration status

What is normal specific gravity/

• 1.005 to 1.030

• What is normal pH?

• 4.6-8

• What is urolithiasis?

• Presence of calculi stones in urinary tract

• Most commonly associated with dehydration

What is the manifestation of urolithiasis?

• Pain is excruciating

• Due to high urine acidity

• Nausea

• Vomiting

• Pallor

• Decrease urine output

• Who is at risk for urolithiasis?

• Dehydration clients

• White

• Obese

• Diabetes 

• Gout

• What is BPH?

• Enlargement of the prostate

• What is the cause of BPH?

Causes bladder outlet obstruction

• What are the risk factors of BPH?

• Obesity

• DM

• Hormone supplementation 

• Lack of physical activity

• How to assess BPH?

• International prostate symptom score

• Ask for elimination patterns

What laboratory assessment is used for BPH?

• CBC

• BUN

• PSA

• What is transurethral resection?

• Continuous bladder irrigation (CBI)

• Maintain flow or irrigating solution

How do you measure output of a transurethral resection?

• Subtract irrigation solution from drainage