Vocab 3

Alkali Metal

Any metal found in group 1 in the periodic table and they have 1 valence electron and are the most reactive metals

Alkaline Earth Metal

Any metal found in group 2 on the periodic table and have 2 valence electrons

Alloy

A mixture (solution) of metals

Atomic Radius

One-half the distance between the nuclei of identical atoms that are bonded together

Chemical Bond

The attractive force between atoms or ions that binds them together as a unit

Covalent Bond

Electrons are shared between atoms in a molecule or in polyatomic ions

Crystal Lattice

An orderly 3D arrangement of ions

Dipole

Another name for a polar molecule (di means TWO … so a dipole has 2 poles -a (+) pole and a )-) pole)

Dipole - Dipole Forces

A Van Der Waals (intermolecular) force of attraction between two dipoles

Ductile

The ability of metals to be pulled into wires

Electron Density

A measure of the likelihood that an electron will be found in a certain region

Electronegativity

The measure of the ability of an atom in a chemical compound to attract electrons away from another atom

Electronegativity Differences

The difference in Electronegativity values of bonded atoms. End value typically determines the type of bond between the atoms

Electrostatic Attractions

The attraction between cations and anions that hold ionic compounds together

Formula Unit

The chemical formula of an ionic compound

Group

A vertical column on the periodic table and all the elements of each group share similar chemical properties. There are 18 groups on the periodic table

Halogen

Any element in group 17 (or IIV A) on the periodic table and have 7 valance electrons and are the most reactive non-metals

Hydrogen Bonds

A special type of dipole-dipole force that occurs when hydrogen bonds with nitrogen, oxygen or fluorine

Ionic Radius

The radius of an ion (after an atom has lost or gained electrons to become stable)

Ionization Energy

The amount of energy required to remove an electron from an atom

Inner transition metals

Metals in the f-block on the periodic table, AKA the LANTHANIDES and ACTINIDES

Intermolecular Forces

The forces of attraction between molecules

Groups

The vertical columns of the periodic tables, there are 18 groups and each group share similar chemical properties

Intramolecular Forces

The forces of attraction within molecules. Holds individual molecules together

Ionic Bond

A transfer of electrons from a metal to a non metal.

Ionic Bond Form ?

They forms a cation and anion that are held together by electrostatic attractions

Lattice Energy

The amount of energy given off by the formation of one mole of an ionic crystalline compound

London Dispersion Forces

Weakest Van Der Waals force - created by the constant motion of electrons and instant, temporary dipoles

Lustrous

Shiny, able to reflect light

Malleable

Able to be hammered into sheets

Metal

Elements that contain atoms that readily lose electrons to form cations. Found to the left of the metalloids of the periodic table

Metalloid

Elements that contain physical properties of both metals and non metals. There are 6 METALLOIDS on the periodic table along the STAIRCASE

Molecule

A neutral group of atom so that are held together by COVALENT bonds

Non-Metals

Elements that contain atoms that readily GAIN electrons to form anions. Found to the right of the metalloids on the periodic table

Non-Polar Covalent Bond

An equal share of electrons in a covalent bond (due to very similar Electronegativity values)

Period

A horizontal row on the periodic table, their are 7 periods of the periodic table

Periodic Law

Described by Henry Moseley, states that, “the physical and chemical properties of the elements are periodic functions of their atomic numbers

Polar Covalent Bond

An unequal sharing of electrons in a covalent bond which results in electrons being pulled closer to the more electronegative atom

Resonance

When there are two or more LEWIS DOT STRUCTURES for a single molecule - indicated by a doubled headed arrow between the different structures

Shielding

Inner Electrons affect the nuclear pull on valence electrons

Transition Metals

Metals in the D-Block on the periodic table and are in groups 3 to 12

Valence Electrons

The outer most electrons in an Atom. The electrons involved in chemical bonding

Van Der Waals Forces

Another name for intermolecular forces, including London Dispersion forces, Dipole-dipole interactions, and Hydrogen Bonds