KAMSC Biomedical Sciences Cardio System Test

my heart beats for you. someone stop it.

What path does blood take in the vessels around the body?

artery, arteriole, capillary, venule, vein

*reading an EKG*

Which of these pathways best describes the blood flow of the heart starting with deoxygenated blood first entering the heart and ending with oxygenated blood leaving the heart to the body?

right atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary trunk, lungs, left atrium, left ventricle, aorta, body

Which chamber of the heart has the thickest myocardium

left ventricle

Which type of vessel is the vena cava?

vein

Which blood type is considered the universal donor?

O

Which of these cells helps to combat inflammation in allergic reactions?

Eosinophils

Where is the primary site for blood formation in adults?

bone marrow

Which blood vessel delivers deoxygenated blood from the head and neck to the heart?

superior vena cava

Where do worn-out blood cells go to get broken down?

* liver
* bone marrow
* spleen
* all of these

all of these (liver, bone marrow, spleen)

Which blood type would be able to donate to an O type person?

O

What gives whole blood its red color?

hemoglobin

The papillary muscles connect directly to the

chordae tendinae

The process of blood formation is called

hemopoises

Which of these blood types is considered the universal receiver?

AB

Substances undergo capillary exchange by means of

simple diffusion and bulk flow

What would a doctor see in a blood sample if it was positive for an antigen they were testing for blood typing?

clumping

Which of these contributes to plug formation?

* calcium
* fibrin
* platelets
* all of these

all of these (calcium, fibrin, platelets)

Which of these is considered a semilunar valve?

* vein
* tricuspid
* bicuspid
* pulmonary

pulmonary

In regards to blood formation, what is the main difference between a fetus and an adult?

fetal blood is made in multiple locations while adult blood is made in only one

These cells release antibodies to combat infection

B cells

When the nurse takes someone’s blood pressure, they use a stethoscope to hear the heartbeat after the cuff is tightened. Which of these statements is true?

The nurse tightens the cuff until the heartbeat stops, then slowly deflates the cuff until the heartbeat starts again. This is recorded as the systole.

The chordae tendinae

helps prevent AV valves from protruding into the atria when the ventricles contract

The portion of the EKG that corresponds to atrial systole is

P wave

Which of these is NOT considered a formed element of blood?

* red blood cells
* platelets
* globulins
* monocytes

globulins

In the early times of blood transfusions, why did so many people die?

Antigens from the RBS reacted badly with antibodies from another’s plasma

The normal pacemaker of the heart is the

SA node

Which of the following sequences best describes the pathway of an action potential through the heart’s conduction system?

SA node, AV node, AV bundle, right and left bundle branches, Purkinje fibers

Platelets release enzymes to help decrease blood flow during which stage

platelet release reaction

Which of these vessels layers consists only of endothelium and a basement membrane?

* artery
* vein
* capillary
* all of these

capillary

Heart rate and strength of contraction are controlled by the cardiovascular center, which is located in the

medulla

Which of the following statements describes the pericardium

it anchors the heart to the diaphragm

Heart sounds are produced by

closure to the heart valves

Pulmonary circulation includes which of the following organs?

* stomach
* lungs
* brain
* liver

lungs

Which of these cells develop into wandering macrophages?

monocytes

Venous return to the heart is enhanced by all of the following EXCEPT

* skeletal muscle milking
* inhalation during breathing
* valves in the veins
* vasodilation

vasodilation

Which of these vessels contain valves?

* arteries
* capillaries
* veins
* all of these

veins

Which of these factors contribute to blood pressure?

* length of blood vessel
* size of lumen
* blood viscosity
* all of these

all of these (length of blood vessel, size of lumen, blood viscosity)

In normal heart action,

\n the two atria contract together, and then the two ventricles contract together

Which of these cells releases histamine, heparin, and serotonin?

* eosinophils
* monocytes
* neutrophils
* basophils

basophil

Blood flows through blood vessels because of the

pressure gradient

If a patient has a high eosinophil count, they probably have a

parasitic infection

In an EKG, which of the following statements is true?

The atria contract first and don't have to pump blood to the body, only the ventricles, so the P wave is smaller

Vessels that exchange nutrients, wastes, oxygen, and carbon dioxide in the blood and tissues are called

capillaries

Which of these vessels has the thickest smooth muscle layer?

artery

Which of these is the primary protein in red blood cells?

hemoglobin

What protein carries free iron in the blood?

transferrin

When taking a blood pressure, what does the top number mean?

It's called systole and it's the contraction rate.

On an EKG, what does the T wave show?

ventricle diastole

On an EKG, what does the P wave show?

atrial systole

On an EKG, what does the QRS complex show?

ventricle systole