ap world history unit 1

how did the han dynasty centralize its government and create an imperial bureaucracy?

the han dynasty maintained a centralized bureaucracy from the previous qin dynasty, but adopted stricter confucian ideals and the civil service system.

Confucianism

established by the han dynasty; wanted to teach moral & social harmony & ideas recorded in ANALECTS (short collection of philosophical essays)

civil service system

This type of governance meant that people actively sought to change the world they lived in for the better

how did the tang and song dynasties maintain and justify their rule?

through the use of an imperial bureaucracy that appointed official and carried out the empire’s policies, the meritocracy system and the use of the civil service exam.

meritocracy

the system where young men were appointed as officials due to their merit the civil service exam.

civil service exam

an exam based on the knowledge of Confucian texts and gave young men from all social classes the opportunity to take it. If young men scored well, they get appointed to a highly desired job.

the effects of filial piety in east asia

the idea of putting the desires of the male head in the family and your elders above your own; helped the Song maintain their rule because citizens wheres supposed to stay loyal to their elders.

infuence of neo-confucianism and buddhism

it spreaded throughout Korea, Japan, and vietnam

Confucian traditions regarding women

women were meant to be respected, but still had to obey to men. foot binding: practice for women to signify status and gain suitors (where women wrapped their feet so tight so that their bones wouldnt grow)

Literary and scholarly traditions spread to heian Japan and korea

Heian Japan and korea emulated Chinese traditions in politics, art and literature. Korea adopted the Chinese writing system until the 15th century

what is unique about theravada buddhism and how did it impact

focused on spiritual growth through silent meditation and self discipline; became the strongest in southeast asia

what is unique about mahyana buddhism and whats its impact

focused on spiritual growth for all beings and on service; becomes the strongest in Korea and china.

what is unique about tibetan buddhism and whats its impact

focused on chanting; becomes the strongest in tibet

champa rice

fast-ripening and drought resistant rice from the Champa kingdom (present day Vietnam)

how did champa rice affect the chinese economy

it greatly expanded agricultural production; allowed farmer to grow in places where once rice could not grow in, this rice could grow in summer and winter

grand canal

an inexpensive and efficient internal waterway transportation system; extended over 30,000 miles

how did the grand canal effect the Chinese economy

enable china to be the most populous trading center in the world

how did steel and iron production effect the Chinese economy

allowed china to manufacture an abundance of goods and infrastructure. for example, steel created bridges, gates, ship anchors, religious items, and also agricultural equipment (which boosted food production)

how did textiles and porcelains affect the Chinese economy?

caused chinese economy to change from local consumption to market production