Reactions of Alkenes and Haloalkanes

Flashcards covering key reactions and properties of alkenes and haloalkanes.

Dihydroxylation

A reaction where osmium tetroxide adds to alkenes to introduce two -OH groups.

OsO4

Osmium tetroxide, a reagent used in the dihydroxylation of alkenes.

1,2-diol

A diol where two hydroxyl (-OH) groups are added to the first and second carbons.

Glycol

Another name for a 1,2-diol.

N-methylmorpholine N-oxide (NMO)

An oxidizing agent used in Upjohn dihydroxylation.

Ozonolysis

A reaction that uses ozone to cleave a C=C double bond, producing carbonyl compounds.

Molozonide

An intermediate formed in the ozonolysis reaction.

Ozonide

A compound formed when a molozonide rearranges.

Chain reaction

A reaction where the products initiate further reactions, typical of radical processes.

Initiation step

The first step in a chain reaction where radicals are formed.

Propagation step

The steps in a chain reaction that produce new radicals and continue the reaction.

Chain termination

The step in a chain reaction where radicals combine to form stable products.

Regioselectivity

Preference of a reaction to occur at one location over others in a molecular structure.

Stereochemistry of radical halogenation

The creation of a racemic mixture resulting from halogenation where a chiral center is formed.

Allylic radical

A radical formed on a carbon next to a C=C double bond, stabilized by resonance.

N-bromosuccinimide (NBS)

A reagent that can promote allylic bromination under radical conditions.

Non-Markovnikov addition

Addition of HX to an alkene in which the hydrogen adds to the least substituted carbon.

Autoxidation

A reaction that requires oxygen to oxidize an organic compound, usually initiated by a radical.

R-X

The general formula for haloalkanes, where R is an alkyl group and X is a halogen.

Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)

Compounds that were once used as refrigerants and propellants, harmful to the ozone layer.

PFASs (Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances)

Organic compounds where hydrogen is replaced by fluorine, persistent in the environment.