An Introduction to Values Education

Flashcards based on the introductory lecture for Filipino Values Education, covering definitions, types of values, and specific Filipino cultural values and traits.

Values Education

Provides an avenue for Filipino to identify the important qualities of each individual as well as the community and the country; includes different levels of understanding of values and morality.

Morals

Principles of right and wrong that guide a person’s behavior, often influenced by society, culture, religion, or laws.

Values

Personal beliefs or ideals that are important to an individual and influence choices, priorities, and attitudes in life.

Integral Growth

The holistic development of human beings, which is a primary objective of Values Education.

Terminal/Objective Values

Desirable end-states of existence; the goals that a person would like to achieve during his or her lifetime.

Instrumental Values

Preferable modes or behavior of means of achieving one’s terminal values.

Personal Values

Principles that define you as an individual, such as honesty and reliability, determining how you face the world and relate to people.

Cultural Values

Principles like faith and customs that sustain connections with cultural roots and help you feel connected to a community with similar backgrounds.

Social Values

Principles that indicate how you relate meaningfully to others in social situations, including family, friends, and co-workers.

Work Values

Principles that guide behavior in professional contexts, defining how you work and relate to co-workers, bosses, and clients.

Pity (awa)

A Christian virtue encouraging brotherly concern for another; it can be circumvented by “Pakikiusap” and may also encourage dependency.

Shame (hiya)

Regulates behavior and adherence to standards, but can make people sensitive, withdrawn, or cause them to nurture a grudge (pagtatanim ng sama ng loob).

Getting Along (pakikisama)

Promotes unity and fights inferiority complexes, but may breed nepotism or become negative when used to collaborate in wrongdoing like gambling.

Debt of Gratitude (utang na loob)

Stimulates generosity and working together, but is often abused as a wedge for illegal activities and can make people feel forever inferior.

Pride (amor propio)

Sensitivity to personal affront; while it protects the person, it can trigger a desire for vengeance or lead to a loss of initiative if vindication fails.

Indirect Speech (pahiwatig)

Used to avoid hurt and embarrassment, but can cause unclear responses, miscommunications, and raise false hopes.

Smooth Interpersonal Relationship (pakikipagkapwa-tao)

Used to avoid hurting or embarrassing people through euphemisms and pakikisama; can lead to repressed emotions and “sama ng loob” (personal grudges).

Regionalism

The strong feeling of loyalty to one's own region, province, or ethnic group, often over the nation as a whole.

Familism

A value that makes separation painful and can hold people back from the truth if it would hurt the family; often leads to excessive spending on “pasalubong” abroad.

Colonial Mentality

Bred from the caprice of “mestizos” who saw themselves as superior; it leads to a preference for foreign products and can kill local industries.

‘Relax’ Lang Mentality

A form of procrastination (manana/manyana habit) based on the belief that time is cyclic rather than linear and will return.

Ningas Cogon/Kugon

A “wait and see” attitude where projects are started with enthusiasm but never completed due to a lack of perseverance.

Walang Bigayan/Walang Lamangan

Promotes distrust and envy due to an inability to accept that someone else has outdone them or been promoted.

Keeping up with the ‘Santoses’

Living beyond one’s means to be like or live like someone else, which often causes corruption among individuals.