THL 237 Final Exam

Exodus from Egypt

1275 BC

David Monarchy

1000 BC

Babylonians defeat Judah

586 BC

Persians defeat Babylonians

539 BC

Book of Daniel

167 BC

Romans take control of Judea

63 BC

Jesus' Crucifixion

30 CE

Paul writes 1 Thessalonians

51 CE

Second temple destroyed by the Romans

70 CE

Gospel of Mark is composed

70 CE

Scripture

text that has authoritative status in a particular community

Bible

a collection of books that assumes a canon

Song of Miriam (Exodus 15)

Oldest tradition in the Bible

The Pentateuch (first five books)

written and complied between the 10th and 5th Century BC

Much of the Old Testament

written during the 6th century BC, during the Babylonian Exile

What is the last book of the Jewish Bible?

Book of Daniel 167 BC

What are the last books of the Catholic Old Testament

Judith, Wisdom and Solomon (1 CE)

What are the earliest writings of the New Testament?

Paul's Letters 51 CE

When were the gospels written?

70-100 CE

What language is the majority of the Old Testament written in?

Hebrew

What language is the Book of Daniel and the Book of Ezra written in?

Aramaic

What language the New Testament written in

greek

Papyrus

like paper, from a papyrus

Parchment

skin of sheep, calves, goats

Scroll

a long document made from pieces of parchment sewn together

Codex

an ancient manuscript text in book form

The Dead Sea scrolls

produces most of the Old Testament between 2nd century BC and 68 CE

Rylands Greek Papyrus (Codex)

new testament gospel of John written in the 2nd century AD

Athanasiu's Easter Letter

includes list of the New Testament as we have it (367 CE)

When did the Catholic church draw up the official books of the Bible?

1546 CE

Criteria of canonicity

use (over area, liturgy)
doctrine and theology
apostolicity (NT only)

Jewish Bible

Tanak (Hebrew Bible)
Torah
Nevi'im
Ketuvim (Writings)

Protestant Bible

Old Testament
Pentateuch
History
Wisdom
Prophets

New Testament
Gospels
Acts
Epistles
Revelation

Catholic Bible

Old Testament
Pentateuch
History
Wisdom
Prophets
7 additional books

New Testament
Gospels
Acts
Epistles
Revelation

Septuagint

Greek translation of the Old Testament

Vulgate

Latin Translation of the Bible from Greek

What did John Wycliffe do?

translated the Bible from Latin into English

Why did Jesus die according to Paul?

christ died for our sins in accordance with the scriptures

Why did Jesus die according to the Gospels?

Divine Agent: God willed it for our salvation
Human Agents: envy of Jewish leaders and handed him to Romans

Why did Jesus die according to Historians?

Because Pilate perceived Jesus to be a threat to the Roman order

Historians evidence of Jesus crucifixtion

Penalty (roman)
Charge: "King of Jews" (Herod's title)
Jews did not have authority to carry out capital punishment

Mark's Construction of Jesus's trial before the Sanhedrin

Nobody speaks for accused
trial at night
verdict is on the same day
was on the eve of the sabbath

Messianic Charge (Mark 14:61-62)

combines major titles for Jesus, only time Jesus openly accepts them

why does Mark construct the trial before the Sanhedrin as he does?

unjustness of Jesus's death
Jesus's acceptance of titles in the context of his death

Mark's account and history

Jewish seek Jesus's death
Rome accommodates

What happened historically?

Rome seeks Jesus's death (political agitator)
Jewish authorities accommodate (stay on Rome's good side)

Triple Tradition

Matthew, Mark and Luke

Double Tradition

Matthew and Luke

Synoptic Problem

The problem of explaining the similarities and differences between the three Synoptic Gospels.

Markan Priority

The idea that Mark was the first of the Synoptic Gospels to be written, and was the primary source used by Matthew and Luke.

Two Source Solution

Mark and Q

Q

a sayings gospel used by Matthew and Luke

Gospel of Thomas

a collection of 114 sayings attributed to Jesus
(no crucifixion account)

How does Matthew view Jesus?

As a rabbi

Mark Differences from Mark

infancy narrative (Luke)
organized around 5 sermons
appearance of the resurrected Jesus

pleroo

to make fully known or fully proclaim

Matthew 5:17 (Special Matthew)

not to abolish the law (nomos) or prophets but to fulfill (pleroo) the law and prophets

Matthew 7:12

Golden Rule= Torah and the prophets

What is Matthew (and Luke) source of the Golden Rule?

Q

Rabbi Hillel interpretation of Golden Rule

Golden rule is a summary of the Torah

Format of Matthew 5:21-42

you have heard [quote from Torah] but I say to you [teaching of Jesus]

Hypertheses

Matthew 5:21-42

How did Matthew change Q in the golden rule

equate it to the law and prophets

Rabbi Shammai and Jesus grounds for divorce

unchasity

Rabbi Hillel grounds for divorce

indecency in anything

How does Luke view Jesus?

as a prophet

Luke additions to Mark's pericope

Quotation of Isaiah
Miracles preformed by Elijah and Elisha
Persecution of Jesus as a prophet

Quotation of Isaiah 61:1

bring good news to the oppressed
proclaim liberty to captives
eyes of the blind open

Jesus as a prophet like Elijah and Elisha

Elijah 40 days without eating
Elisha feeding a lot of people
Raising a widows son

Jesus as a persecuted prophet

prophet cannot not be killed outside of Jerusalem

2 Main sections in Luke's Gospel

Jesus's Ministry in Galilee
On the way to Jerusalem

Jesus's Ministry in Galilee

Luke 4:14-9:50

Luke 7:18-35

John the Baptist send questions over to Jesus and he responds "go and tell John what you have seen and heard"

Major themes in Luke

Jesus as a prophet
good news to the poor

Luke's ministry of release

Luke 7:36-50
The woman anointing Jesus

The transfiguration (9:28-36)

Jesus turns into Moses and Elijah and talk about Jesus departure and accomplishments in Jerusalem

On the way to Jerusalem

Luke 9:51-19:27

Themes within "On the way to Jerusalem"

Parable of the Good Samaritan (How to be a disciple)
Parable of the rich man and Lazarus (God's grace and obstacles to it)

The parable of the good Samaritan

Luke 10:25-37

Lesson from the parable of the rich man and Lazarus

if you suffer now, you will be rewarded later. if you are rewarded now, you will suffer latter

When did Paul write his letters?

50-60 AD

Paul's Epistolary Structure

signature
address
greeting
thanksgiving
prayer
body
commendation of letter carrier
blessing
greetings
grace

Occasional lETTERS

Reference to the circumstance that Paul wrote his surviving letters only for certain occasions, in order to deal with problems that had arisen in his churches.

Undisputed letters

Romans
1 Corinthians
2 Corinthians
Galatians
Philippians
1 Thessalonians
Phillemon

Disputed Letters

Ephesians
Colossians
2 Thessalonians

Pastoral Letters

1 Timothy
2 Timothy
Titus

Pseudonymous

Written by one person but attributed to another as a way of honoring an esteemed predecessor.

Main problem in Galatians

circumcision, Gentiles do not need to be circumcised

Pisteo (pistes)

believed

Dikaisune

justified (righteous)