Biology Exam 4 review terms

Homoneanderthalensis

They lived around 240k-30k years ago but they had all gone extinct, their average height was 1.6m and weight was 72kg, they also had big noses to heat the air because they were in a cold climate, they were also the first to bury the dead.

Chromosomal DNA

DNA found in chromosomes but the term is often used to describe the large loop of DNA found in bacteria/prokaryotes.

autotrophs

Organisms that make their own food

heterotrophs

organisms that cannot make their own food

Mixotrophs

Protists and other organisms that use energy and carbon from a variety of sources to fuel their growth and reproduction

bryophyte

non-vascular plants-lack vascular tissue

Gymnosperms

A plant that produces seeds that are exposed rather than seeds enclosed in fruits

Plantae

Kingdom of multicellular photosynthetic autotrophs that have cell walls containing cellulose

Fungi

A kingdom made up of nongreen, eukaryotic organisms that have no means of movement, reproduce by using spores, and get food by breaking down substances in their surroundings and absorbing the nutrients

Animalia

kingdom of multicellular eukaryotic heterotrophs whose cells do not have cell walls

Protista

Kingdom composed of eukaryotes that are not classified as plants, animals, or fungi

domain

The highest level, encompassing broad categories like Eukaryota (organisms with cells containing a nucleus), Bacteria (prokaryotes), and Archaea (another group of prokaryotes). 

Kingdom

Further divides organisms into broad groups like Animalia (animals), Plantae (plants), Fungi (fungi), and Protista (single-celled organisms). 

Phylum

Divides kingdoms into groups based on shared characteristics (e.g., Chordata for animals with a backbone). 

Class

Divides phyla into more specific groups (e.g., Mammalia for mammals). 

order

Further divides classes

family

Divides orders

genus

A group of closely related species

species

The most specific level, representing a group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring

pilli

Prokaryotes that are observed attaching onto nonliving surfaces most likely possess

plasmids

Small loops of extrachromosomal DNA in the cytoplasm of prokaryotes

Eutherians

 mammals that have placenta and produce offspritng that are born at a well developed state

Marsupials

simple placenta resulting in offspring born early and then complete development being done in a pouch or pocket

Monotremes

lay eggs and have no placenta