States of Matter and Phase Changes

These flashcards cover the key concepts related to the states of matter, phase changes, and related properties of substances.

What is a phase transition?

A change of a substance from one state to another.

What is melting also called?

Fusion.

What is the change of a liquid into a solid called?

Freezing.

What is vaporization?

The change of a liquid into vapor (gas).

What occurs during condensation?

The change of a gas (vapor) into a liquid.

What is sublimation?

The change of a solid directly to the vapor phase.

What is deposition?

The change of a gas directly into a solid.

Is melting endothermic or exothermic?

Endothermic.

Is freezing endothermic or exothermic?

Exothermic.

What does the heat of fusion represent?

The enthalpy change associated with melting a solid.

What is the specific heat (SH)?

The energy required to raise the temperature of 1.0g of a sample of matter by 1°C (or 1K).

What happens to the vapor pressure of a liquid when the temperature increases?

The vapor pressure of the liquid increases.

What is the normal boiling point of water?

100°C at 1.0 atm pressure.

What defines a crystalline solid?

A solid with a well-defined ordered structure of atoms in three dimensions.

What type of solid is NaCl (s)?

An ionic solid.

What is hydrogen bonding?

A force that exists between a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to an electronegative atom (like F, O, or N) and another electronegative atom.

What are cohesive forces?

Forces that bind molecules together.

What is viscosity?

The resistance of liquids to flow.

What is a triple point in a phase diagram?

The temperature and pressure at which three phases of a substance coexist at equilibrium.

What is the Clausius-Clapeyron Equation used for?

To relate vapor pressure and temperature using the heat of vaporization.

What are intermolecular forces?

Forces of interaction between molecules.