natural hazards Geography Term 1

Which layers of the earth are solid & what are they made of?

The inner core is solid, it’s made out of nickel and iron. The crust is solid, made out of rock. Lastly, part of the upper mantle is solid, made out of molten rock.

Which layers of the earth are liquid?

The outer core is liquid, made out of nickel and iron. Part of the mantle is liquid, made out of molten rock.

Which layer of the earth is neither completely solid or liquid? Which consistency? What is it made out of?

The mantle, it’s is liquid and soft in places (it has a blue tack type of consistency) & is made out of molten rock

Which is the thickest layer of the earth?

The mantle is the thicket and biggest.

What is the average temperature of the center of the earth?

6,000 degrees Celsius

Which layer of the earth is the one you live on?

The crust

What is the crusts average thickness?

Earths crust varies from 8-65 km thick.

Continental crust definition & thickness.

The thicker crust made out of granite(rock). 30-65km thick

What is the definition of oceanic crust? How thick is it?

The thinner crust made of basalt (rock). 6-12km thick

What is the defenition of the tectonic plate?

Slabs of lithosphere that move due to convection currents.

What is the defenition of lithosphere?

Crust & solid outer mantle that moves up tectonic plates.

What is the defenition of Athenosphere?

Middle and lower part of mantle which is a ‘plastic subsatance’ & can flow due to convection currents.

What are the two types of crust

Continental and oceanic

What causes the earths crust to move? (4 steps). What is this process called?

1. Magma is heated at the core-mantle boundary. It becomes less dense and rises.

2. the Magma hits the crust, moving the plate above due to friction.

3.the magma is cooled at the crust.

4.The cooled magma becomes more dense and falls.

This process is called convection currents.

What happens to the magma when the temperature is lower?

It becomes more dense and falls.

What happens to the magma when the temperature is higher?

It becomes less dense and rises.

Label the diagram below

Crust

Mantle,

Outer core

Inner core

Label the diagram below with lines showing how earths crust moves. And explain each step (4)

1. magma is heated at the core-mantle boundary. (It becomes less dense and rises)

2.magma hits the crust, moving the plate above due to friction.

3.the magma is cooled at the crust.

The cooled magma becomes more dense & falls.