Ch 6 Introduction to Tissues and Membranes

A collection of vocabulary flashcards covering the four major tissue types, gland classifications, and body membranes based on the lecture transcript.

Connective tissue

The glue of the body that includes bones, blood, cartilage, ligaments, and the collagen matrix.

Epithelium

Tissue that forms continuous sheets with little space between cells, used for protection and transport across skin and organs.

Squamous

Flat epithelial cells that are shaped like a squished plate, ideal for diffusion and absorption.

Cuboidal

Cube-shaped epithelial cells often found in the nephrons of the kidneys to help filter water and electrolytes.

Columnar

Tall, rectangular epithelial cells often found in the GI tract to help absorb nutrients.

Simple epithelium

A classification of epithelial tissue consisting of only one row of cells.

Stratified epithelium

A classification of epithelial tissue consisting of two or more rows of cells.

Pseudostratified

Tissues that appear to be layered due to displaced nuclei but actually consist of only one layer of cells.

Avascularity

A characteristic of tissue, such as the top layer of skin, meaning it has no capillaries or blood supply.

Keratinization

The process where protein hardens and dries, making tissue like the skin and nails hard.

Transitional epithelium

A type of epithelial tissue that allows organs like the bladder and stomach to stretch.

Exocrine gland

Glands that possess ducts and secrete substances that exit the body, such as sweat, mammary, and sebaceous glands.

Endocrine gland

Ductless glands that secrete hormones directly into the capillaries to communicate with other organs.

Cerumen glands

Modified exocrine glands that secrete ear wax.

Areolar tissue

A loose connective tissue that acts like glue to bind the epithelium to deeper structures.

Adipose tissue

A type of connective tissue that stores triglycerides for energy, insulates the body, and cushions organs like the eyes and kidneys.

Fibroblasts

Cells that secrete substances into the matrix to repair and structure skin tissue.

Chondroblasts

Cells responsible for forming cartilage.

Osteoblasts

Cells responsible for forming bone.

Tendons

Dense connective tissue that holds muscle to bone.

Ligaments

Dense connective tissue that holds bone to bone.

Dendrites

The part of a neuron that receives electrical signals.

Soma

The cell body of a neuron.

Axon

The tail-like structure of a neuron that transmits electrical signals.

Skeletal muscle

Voluntary muscle attached to the skeleton that is striated in appearance.

Smooth muscle

Involuntary, non-striated muscle found in the walls of internal organs, blood vessels, and the bronchus.

Cardiac muscle

Involuntary, striated muscle found only in the heart characterized by intercalated discs.

Striations

The stripe-like appearance found in skeletal and cardiac muscle tissues.

Regeneration

Healing that occurs when damaged tissue is replaced by the same type of original cells.

Fibrosis

Healing that occurs when collagen-rich scar tissue replaces damaged tissue.

Parietal membrane

A membrane that lines the walls of a body cavity.

Visceral membrane

A membrane that covers the surface of internal organs.

Serous membrane

A membrane that lines closed, sterile body cavities such as the heart and liver areas.

Mucous membrane

A membrane that lines body cavities that have an opening to the exterior.