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what is the population of mumbai?
25 million. One of the most densely populated cities
what is a site?
the actual location of a settlement on earth, composed of the physical characteristics of the landscape specific to the area
what is a situation?
the location of a place relative to its surroundings and other places
describe the site and situation of mumbai?
mumbai lies on an island - a low lying city just above sea level.
it has a natural, deep harbour, that is located in the west coast of india
facing towards important regional markets
what was mumbai’s industry like in the 1800s - early 1900s?
cotton textile industries
huge numbers of people came from all over the region to work in the factories
what is mumbai’s industry like now, from the late 1900s to now?
textile factories began to decline
converted to banking (Reserve Bank of India), IT and bollywood developed
how is mumbai significant nationally?
mumbai generates more than 1/6th (300 billion) of india’s gdp.
40% of all india’s income tax is collected in mumbai.
mumbai contributes to a quarter of india’s industrial output
70% of India’s maritime trade
how is mumbai significant regionally?
10% of all india’s industrial jobs are located in mumbai
mumbai has 10 universities
many research centres specialising in IT and engineering
how is mumbai significant globally?
mumbai is india’s top location for FDI
40% of all india’s exports come from mumbai
bollywood, based in mumbai, releases around 200 films a year
what are the three opportunities in mumbai?
job opportunities, access to resources and services, dharavi businesses
job opportunities in mumbai
many opportunities
high skills work in the tertiary sector (finance and IT services).
FDI brings in international migrants
low skills work provide services (e.g. cleaners and barbers)
unemployment rates are much lower than other parts of india
access to resources and services in mumbai
mumbai gives access to resources and services that people may not have in rural areas
dharavi has low cost tv dish antennas, allowing them to use technology. media companies have realised they will benefit from earning £1-£2 per month from one million people
improving healthcare
Sion hospital can provide beds to 30 times more people, than in 1950.
1000 schools
dharavi businesses
dharavi is home to 5000 small scale businesses and 15,000 single room factories. estimated to be worth £350 million per year
what are the three challenges in mumbai?
slum settlements, informal employment, environmental problems
slum settlements in mumbai
there are many slum settlements due to the inability for housing to keep up with rapid population grown and rural-urban migration
an example is dharavi, where 1 million people live in 60,000 shanties
slums do not have good infrastructure, and so clean water is scarce, there are problems with sanitation → disease easily spreads.
Dharavi population density: 280k/km²
lack of essential infrastructure
sanitation
water (2 hours in the morning, through a standpipe)
40% of households aren’t connected to the sewers
Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation rated them a 3/7 on sanitation
long treatment wait times
1/5 people live in poverty
informal employment in mumbai
employment in mumbai is usually those in the informal sector.
pay is extremely low in exchange for working in poor conditions.
Many people are willing to do any sort of work
for example, in mumbai’s ports, men dismantle ships using basic tools and work without safety equipment → dangerous + risk of injury.
sewage cleaners live on £1.40 a day
overcrowded classrooms, lack of teachers
environmental problems in mumbai
air and water pollution
fast growth means the government struggles to organise waste disposal
sewage left untreated and flown into rivers. (e.g. mithi river is polluted with 800 million tonnes of sewage)
as people get richer, more cars get bought and used which release greenhouse gases, polluting the air
2 million cars that create gridlock (severe traffic)/air pollution
How has development affected Mumbai’s population?
people live longer. Life expectancy increased by 8 years since 2000.
push factors to mumbai
modernisation of farming → less jobs for farm workers
lack of education/healthcare
limited jobs (mainly low paid farming to the younger people)
pull factors of mumbai
more job offers, higher paid jobs (e.g. in textile)
better housing
What has been done to try improve Mumbai?
government promised to give each Mumbai resident (who has lived there since 2020), 8 m² of housing
attempts to improve sanitation/electricity
Hamara Foundation - gives education/healthcare to poor children
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