Chapter 4 Bontrager - Clinical Indications

bone metasteses

transfer of disease or cancer from an organ to another through the bloodstream, lymphatic vessels, or direct extension

bursitis

inflammation of the bursae (fluid-filled sacs) that enclose joints

calcification in associated tendons

carpal tunnel syndrome

painful wrist/hand disorder resulting from median nerve compression

most common in middle-aged women

fracture

break in bone structure caused by force

Barton fracture

fracture and dislocation of posterior lip of distal radius involving wrist

Bennett fracture

fracture of base of first metacarpal bone extending into carpometacarpal joint

Boxer fracture

transverse fracture that extends through the metacarpal neck most commonly seen in fifth metacarpal

Colles fracture

transverse fracture of distal radius in which distal fragment is displaced posteriorly

associated ulnar fracture is seen in 50-60% of cases

Smith fracture

fracture of distal radius with fragment displaced anteriorly

opposite Colles fracture

joint effusion

accumulated fluid in joint cavity

osteoarthritis

noninflammatory joint disease characterized by gradual deterioration of articular cartilage with enlarged bone formation

most common type of arthritis

"degenerative joint disease"

osteomyelitis

infection of a bone or bone marrow that may be caused by bacteria introduced during trauma or surgery

soft tissue swelling/lack of fat pad

Nuc Med

osteopetrosis

hereditary disease marked by abnormally dense bone "marble bone"

commonly leads to fracture and obliteration of marrow space

osteoporosis

reduction in quantity of bone (skeletal atrophy)

occurs in postmenopausal women and elderly men

"scanty, thin bone trabeculae"

Paget disease

chronic skeletal disease characterized by bone destruction followed by reparative process of overproduction of dense soft bone that tends to fracture easily

rheumatoid arthritis

chronic systemic inflammatory disease of joints and surrounding connective tissue

3x more common in women

scapholunate ligament injuries

involve the ligament that connects the scaphoid to the lunate bone

tears evident by widening between bones

best demonstrated via bilateral stress

skier's thumb

sprain or tear of the ulnar collateral ligament

commonly from fall on outstretched hand causing thumb to bend backwards

bilateral thumb using Folio method

tumors

neoplasms and bone neoplasia

CT and MRI helpful determining size and exact location

multiple myeloma

malignant tumor of bone marrow cells

most common cancerous bone tumor

ages 40-70

osteogenic sarcoma

malignant tumor originating in bone-producing cells

second most common

ages 10-20

Ewing sarcoma

malignant bone tumor in children and young adults

"onion peel" appearance

chondrosarcoma

slow-growing malignant tumor of the cartilage

enchondroma

benign tumor consisting of cartilage

often found in small bones of hands or feet

osteochondroma

benign tumor arising from outer cortex and growing parallel to the bone

"exostosis"